An Sci 200 Exam 1 Questions and Answers

types of crabs - -stone -spiral -blue -horseshoe -fiddler most popular type of crab - fiddler semi-terrestrial (crabs) - will drown if submerged all time, carries its air down with its body crab mating - males wave large red claws hermit crabs diet - omnivorous (wood fiber) hermit crabs miscellaneous - - shallow water dish - breathe with gills on land - need to provide shells setting up aquarium: liberal water surface - gas exchange occurs at surface, needs to be specific area or volume setting up aquarium: enough light - probably more important for our viewing, important if you have life plants setting up aquarium: right temperature - tropical: 72-78F optimal for most goldfish: below 60F (cold water holds more oxygen than warm water) setting up aquarium: correct feeding - feed what fish will eat in about 5 mins, juvenile fish eat more (feed too much=lots of waste) FLAWS - feed, light, air, water, space/sanitation location - -away from direct sunlight: algae -sturdy stand or table -not by heat source 3 types of filtration - mechanical, chemical, biological mechanical filtration - -gravel (1-2 lbs/gal) : under gravel filter -wood, floos, etc chemical filtration - activated charcoal biological filtration - bacteria: key to all filtration systems decorations (for fresh water) - okay: glass, plastic, stainless steel, driftwood bad: coral, limestone, marble, metals what kind of water? - -tap water best -water needs vary by species plants - -live plants (with adequate light): add oxygen and remove some wastes -rotting plants (without adequate light): consume oxygen and add more wastes how many fish? - -one inch per gallon -3 square inches for small fish, 4-8 square inches for larger fish add cover to aquarium - -avoid evaporation -avoid jumping out -avoid things getting in relatively little energy required for fish - -streamlined movement -decreased need to overcome gravity -little lost heat to environment: heterothermic water quality - -new tank shouldn't have nitrogen in it -add new fish -- nitrogen level increases -begin as ammonia, then nitrite, and then nitrate cleaning your aquarium - -scavengers (snails, catfish, crayfish, etc) -partial water changes every 2 weeks (20-40% of water and use gravel vacuum) -scrape off algae -clean/change filters adding new fish - -feed old fish first -float bag on top for 20-30 mins -put fish in marine aquarium pH - pH very important: 8.0-8.3 -below 8.0: add sodium bicarbonate -use calcium carbonate sources: buffer against acids -fresh water typically 6-7 pH salinity - -measure by density -measure with hydrometer -should be at 1.023 at 81F -35 ppt salt marine filtration - -very susceptible to ammonia toxicity -usually need protein skimmers (remove foam from top) -use live rock and live sand (can buy cultured live rock) -may use UV or ozone sterilizers marine aquarium miscellaneous - -even more important to avoid metals -water monitoring kits coral reef tanks - -need strong lights (many coral have symbiotic relationship w algae) -some need wave motions source of nutrients - -in wild- most animals would eat varied diet and get all needed nutrients -pets depend on us consumption -- digestion -- excretion - -digestion -- heat : some animals don't actively keep heat up