PEDIATRICS - HESI PRACTICE EXAM UPDATED 2022/2023 WITH Q & A RATED A+

The nurse is teaching a mother to give 4 mL of liquid antibiotic to a 10 month old infant. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. I will give this antibiotic to my child until it is finished B. using a teaspoon will help me measure this correctly. C. I will call the clinic if my child develops a rash or itching D. my baby should begin to eel better within a few days (ANS- B. using a teaspoon will help me measure this correctly. The prescribed medication is 4 mL per dosage and is measured with the most accuracy using a syringe, so if the parent uses a teaspoon, which is equivalent to 5 mL, further teaching is indicated. (A, C and D) indicate correct understanding and require no further intervention by the nurse. Which growth and development characteristic should the nurse consider when monitoring the effects of a topical medication for an infant? A. a lower sensitivity reaction to skin irritants B. a thin stratum corneum that increases topical absorption C. a smaller percentage of muscle mass D. a greater body surface area that requires larger doses (ANS- B. a thin stratum corneum that increases topical absorption infants have a thin outer skin later (stratum corneum), so the nurse should monitor the infant for a prompt onset and response to the application of topical medication. A 2 year old child recently diagnosed with hemophilia A is discharged home. What information should the nurse include in a teaching plan about home care? A. Minimize interactive play with other children to lessen chances for injury B. give low-dose children's chewable aspirin in orange flavor for joint discomfort C. use a firm and dry toothbrush to clean teeth at least twice per day D. apply pressure and ice for bleeding while elevating and resting the extremity. (ANS- D. apply pressure and ice for bleeding while elevating and resting the extremity. Hemophilia, a blood disorder, causes joint bleeding which is treated with rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) A nurse provides the parents with information on health maintenance for their child with sickle cell disease. Which information reflected by the parents indicates understanding of the child's care? A. daily iron supplements should be given B. plenty of fluids should be consumed daily C. immunizations should be delayed for a few years D. protective equipment should be worn for contact sports. (ANS- B. plenty of fluids should be consumed daily Adequate fluid intake decreases the viscosity of the blood which affects the incidence of vasocclusive crisis. (A and D) are not commonly indicated for a child with sickle cell disease. A routine immunization schedule is recommended for a child with SCD because of their increased susceptibility to infection that predisposes to sickling phenomena. The nurse reviews the latest laboratory results for a child who received chemotherapy last week and identifies a reduced neutrophil count. Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for this child? A. risk for infection B. risk for hemorrhage C. altered skin integrity D. disturbance in body image (ANS- A. risk for infection Chemotherapy suppresses phagocytotic neutrophils and places the child at risk for infection which is the priority nursing diagnosis. (B, C and D) may be related to the care of a child receiving CT are not related to neutropenia. During administration of a blood transfusion, a child complains of chills, headache and nausea. Which action should the nurse implement? A. start another IV of dextrose solution and stay with the child B. continue the tranfusion and monitor the child's vital signs C. stop the infusion immediately and notify the healthcare provider D. slow the transfusion and assess for cessation of symptoms (ANS- C. stop the infusion immediately and notify the healthcare provider The child is exhibiting signs of a reaction to the blood transfusion. The blood transfusion should be stopped immediately and the healthcare provider notified. After the transfusion is discontinued, IV access should be maintained with fluids that do not introduce and more cellular products. (B and D place the child at risk for further blood reactions The nurse is teaching the parents of a 5 year old with cystic fibrosis about respiratory treatments. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the parents understand? A. perform postural drainage before starting aerosol therapy B. Give respiratory treatments when the child is coughing a lot C. Administer aerosol therapy followed by postural drainage before meals D. ensure respiratory therapy is done daily during any respiratory infection (ANS- C. Administer aerosol therapy followed by postural drainage before meals