Acute Kidney Injury Quiz P1401 With Questions and Answers Graded A+

Acute Kidney Injury Quiz P1401 With Questions and Answers Graded A+ Question 1 Which chemical is directly associated with reduced urine volume in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway during an acute kidney injury? a. Renin b. Aldosterone c. Angiotensin I d. Angiotensin II - CORRECT ANSWER -Answer: b. Aldosterone Rationale Aldosterone acts on the kidney's tubules to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the blood; this chemical is directly associated with reduced urine output. When blood perfusion to the kidneys is reduced, the juxtaglomerular cells convert prorenin to renin. This converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is subsequently converted to angiotensin II in the lungs. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure and also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. p. 1401 Question 2 The urinalysis report of a patient suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI) reveals the presence of red blood cell casts and hemoglobin. What etiology of AKI should the nurse anticipate? a. Myocardial infarction b. Atherosclerosis c. Hypovolemic shock d. Tubular damage in kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER -Answer: D That's right! Rationale Inflammation, infection, and nephrotoxic drugs may result in irreparable nephron injury and tubular damage in the kidneys. This category of AKI is termed intrarenal because the damage is to the nephron and tubule itself. Intrarenal AKI is characterized by the presence of sediments of red blood cells, myoglobin, hemoglobin, and tubular debris in the urine. Myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and hypovolemic shock can result in AKI as a result of renal hypoperfusion. This category of AKI is termed prerenal, meaning that the problem causing the dysfunction happens "before" or "in front of" the kidney. No renal nephron or tubule pathology is involved in these conditions, so there will not be the urinalysis findings that are indicated in the scenario presented. p. 1394 What biochemical parameter may be decreased during renal failure? a. Serum calcium b. Serum creatinine c. Serum potassium d. Serum phosphate - CORRECT ANSWER -Answer: A That's right! Rationale During renal failure, the conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol is disturbed. Calcitriol is the hormonally active metabolite that aids in absorption of calcium; a lack of calcitriol results in decreased serum calcium levels. Kidneys play a major role in the regulation of creatinine, potassium, and phosphorous. These chemicals will increase as renal failure advances. p. 1400 What is the role of loop diuretics in the treatment of acute kidney injury? a. Preserving kidney function b. Promoting calcium retention c. Regulating the glomerular filtration rate d. Eliminating any retained fluid from the body - CORRECT ANSWER -Answer: D That's right! Rationale Loop diuretics are indicated in renal failure to help eliminate excess fluid and decrease the edema. Loop diuretics do not affect the renal functionality, calcium absorption, or glomerular filtration rate. pp. 1407, 1410, Chart 68-6 What statement is related to acute kidney injury ? a. AKI is progressive. b. AKI is associated with anemia. c. AKI causes permanent damage to the kidneys. d. Damage to 50 to 95% of nephrons results in an AKI. - CORRECT ANSWER -Answer: D That's right! Rationale AKI is a condition of reduced renal function. AKI is sudden in onset and is caused by damage to kidney tissue (damage of 50 to 95% of nephrons), resulting in hypotensive shock. The synthesis of erythropoietin is unaltered; therefore, AKI is not associated with anemia. AKI does not result in permanent damage to the kidneys.