Innate Immunity Exam Questions with All Correct Answers

Innate Immunity Exam Questions with All Correct Answers Defense mechanisms of the human body against disease-causing microbes include ____ and ____ - ANSWER innate immunity, adaptive immunity _____ immunity is the routine protection present at birth, passed from one generation to the next - ANSWER innate ____ immunity is a more specialized defense system, develops throughout our life as we encounter pathogens - ANSWER adaptive Actions of innate and adaptive immunity are ____/____ - ANSWER connected/ coordinated what are the three general components of innate immunity? - ANSWER 1. First line defenses (prevent microbial entry) a. skin and mucous membranes b. antimicrobial substances 2. Sensor systems (detect damage and microbial invasion) a.Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) b.Complement system 3. Effector actions (Eliminate invader) a. interferon response b. phagocytosis c. complement activation d. inflammatory response e. fever _____ ____ is a physical barrier to microbes - ANSWER intact skin skin is ____ __ ___ - the epidermis has many layers of epithelial cells, outermost cells are dead and filled with ____ - ANSWER difficult to penetrate, keratin Skin: _____ repels water and maintains a dry environment, ____ accumulates as perspiration evaporates - ANSWER Keratin, salt Skin: Cell continually ____ along with any attached microbes - ANSWER slough off ____ ____ protect the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts/bathed with ____ - ANSWER mucous membranes, mucus mucous membrane: Mechanisms including ____ of intestinal tract and ____ ____ of the respiratory tract help remove microbes - ANSWER peristalsis mucociliary escalator mucous membrane: ____ ___ cells that are ___ take attached microbes with them - ANSWER mucosal epithelial , shed antimicrobial substances: -_____ in tears, saliva, mucous, blood, phagocytes -_____ ____ use H₂O₂ against microbes - ______ and _____ bind iron -____ ____ (___) form pores in microbial membranes damaging them - ANSWER -lysozyme - destroy bacteria cell wall -Peroxidase systems -lactoferrin, transferrin - iron is a limiting agent for microbe to grow (limit iron -limit # of microbe) -Antimicrobial peptides ( defensins) The normal microbiota contribute to our defense against pathogens through _____ ____ of pathogens - ANSWER competitive exclusion microbiota: _____ degrades lipids to fatty acids inhibiting the growth of pathogens - ANSWER Propionibacterium microbiota: ____ can synthesize colicins in intestinal tract ( toxic to some bacteria) - ANSWER E. coli