Exam 1 PSY 140 2023 with complete solution

The word psychology is thousands of years old and comes from the ancient Greek roots psyche and logos, which mean respectively mind and knowledge or study Which of the following is the best description of the field of psychology? the scientific study of overt behaviors and mental processes In order to study the mind, the early psychologists examined their own thoughts, feelings, and sensations and then reported what they had observed. This technique is called introspection In response to experience, new synapses form between neurons, and other connections grow stronger. These changes in the brain due to experience illustrate the brain's neuroplasticity Within a neuron, information typically flows in which directional order dendrites, soma, axon The brain carries out most of the "computing" in the nervous system and communicates with the rest of the body through the large bundle of nerves called the the spinal cord Which gland located in the neck regulates the rate at which energy is produced and expended in the body? thyroid Sam has experienced brain damage to his right hemisphere. He will most likely experience difficulty with which ability? ordering of complex movements Nervous system activities and structures are associated with which of the following actions, motives, thoughts, memories, sensations, and perceptions. The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the peripheral nervous system and the __________ nervous system central Brain activity is the source of intelligence, behavior, human consciousness In constraint induced movement therapy, a person's good arm is immobilized, which forces the impaired arm to become more active and to increase which of the following processes in the damaged part of his brain lateralization ? Regarding commonsense theories of behavior, which of the following statements is FALSE? ... Information gained from direct observation and measurement defines empirical evidence Different patterns of brain activity have been found to accompany major psychological disorders, such as depression or schizophrenia, according to studies conducted using which brain tool PET Scan Dr. Santel is conducting a study in which she will use five different observers to reliably confirm the observations within her study. Thus, Dr. Santel's scientific observations would be considered multimodal The part of the mind of which we are subjectively unaware and that is not open to introspection is called the cognitive unconscious Regarding the study of psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE? Most psychologists believe that the mind can be fully understood from a subjective viewpoint. You want to test people's reactions to a new artificial sweetener, so you plan to give them coffee with two different kinds of sweetener. However, you are worried about possible cues you may give people as to which sweetener they're getting. To address this, you have your assistant prepare the packets, so she knows which is which, but you do not. You then give the two coffees to your subjects. This type of experiment is called a __________ experiment. double-blind Which of the following is the best description of a research method? ... Neurons "talk" to each other chemically when which of the following are released? neurotransmitters Responding to a substance, such as a sugar pill or a saline injection, as if it were the real drug is referred to as placebo effect When you are angry or afraid, the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system causes epinephrine and norepinephrine to be released from the adrenal glands Almost instantly, victims who have a stroke realize that something is wrong. However, many brain injuries are less dramatic but involve equally disabling changes in personality, thinking, judgment, or emotions that can take years to become apparent. This type of brain injury that has been found in dozens of retired NFL players, hockey players, and boxers is called chronic traumatic encephalopathy Regarding neurons, which of the following statements is FALSE? The axons are the tree-root like parts of neurons that are specially designed to receive the messages from other neurons. Achieving sexual maturity is mostly governed by nature Regarding the basic human emotions, which of the following statements is FALSE? ... Children must be able to recognize themselves in a mirror before they can experience the complex emotion of embarrassment. Being able to recognize oneself in a mirror and to feel embarrassed first occur around the age of 30 months At any stage of life, the three factors that combine to determine a person's developmental level are heredity, environment, and the person's own behavior Learning to dance or to use a computer is primarily a matter of nurture Four-year-old Luis watches his mother open two equal containers of milk and pour each container of milk into a glass. She pours one container of milk into a glass that is short and wide, while the other glass is tall and thin. Although both glasses contain the same amount of milk, Luis wants the tall, thin glass because he says it has "more milk." Luis is unable to demonstrate object permanence. Margo and Robert pick up their baby Bobby from the daycare. Even though Bobby is now sleepy, they begin to play with him. However, the next morning when Bobby is actively cooing, smiling, and kicking his feet to get their attention, they ignore Bobby's overtures as they rush around to get ready for work. These parents are exhibiting a lack of sensitive caregiving Which of the following basic emotions are apparent shortly after birth? interest and disgust In the attachment study with baby monkeys and surrogate mothers, one made of wire and one made of terry cloth, the baby monkeys spent most of their time with the terry cloth surrogate mother. Providing affectional needs to infants will not "spoil" the child because these needs are as important as physical needs In which parental style do parents control their children's behavior in a caring, responsive manner that is firm and consistent, not harsh or rigid, and utilizes reasoning and encouragement? authoritative According to Izard and other emotional researchers, which of the following statements is FALSE? ... Developmental psychology is the study of the role of maturation in the unfolding of human potential. Because she does not want to "spoil" her new baby, Theresa feeds and takes care of her baby's physical needs when she thinks the baby needs the care, not when the baby cries to indicate his needs. If Theresa continues caring for the baby in this way, the baby is likely to develop mistrust Regarding language development, which of the following statements is FALSE? ... The primary function of the senses is to act as devices that convert one kind of energy into another, which are referred to as ... Regarding sensation and perception, which of the following statements is FALSE? ... As you sit reading this page, receptors for touch and pressure in the seat of your pants are sending nerve impulses to your brain. Although these sensations have been present all along, you were probably not aware of them until just now. This "seat-of-the-pants phenomenon" is an example of selective attention. You are at a party and are listening intensely to a friend tell the "latest gossip," when another person in the room mentions your name in a conversation in a group to the left of where you are standing. According to research on selective attention, you will most likely shift your attention to the person who mentioned your name Jeremy who sits in the back of the seventh grade classroom, has no trouble reading the words in his textbook, but he is having difficulty reading the words that the teacher is writing on the board or seeing the images on the projection screen. Jeremy most likely has which vision problem? myopia The basic color categories of red, orange, yellow, green, etc. refer to hues Regarding sound waves, which of the following statements is TRUE? Sound waves are produced by vibrating objects. Which of the following is important in identifying olfactory stimuli? the location of the receptors in the nose Regarding the sense of touch, which of the following statements is FALSE? ... What we perceive can be altered by: motives, emotions, perceptual habits, perceptual expectancies