AP Computer Science Principles

AP Computer Science Principles EXAM Quizlet Question and Answer 2023. Overflow Correct Answer: error that results when the number of bits is not enough to hold the number, like a car's odometer "rolling over" Round-off Correct Answer: error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to represent π as 3.14 Lossy Correct Answer: Compressing data in a way that throws some data away and makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great compression, like JPEG images Lossless Correct Answer: Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and allows full recovery of the original, good compression -- usually not as good as lossy, like PNG images Metadata Correct Answer: data about data, like a camera storing the location, aperture, shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo Sequencing Correct Answer: code flows line by line, one after another, like a recipe Selection Correct Answer: a boolean condition to determine which of two algorithmic paths are taken, aka if-then Iteration Correct Answer: using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach, repeat, repeat-until, etc. Reasonable Time Correct Answer: polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size Not reasonable time Correct Answer: Usually exponential in the number of steps, like doubling every time your input grows by one Heuristic Correct Answer: using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest Undecidable Correct Answer: A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create an algorithm that would be able to answer yes or no for all inputs, like determining if a user's program run on some input would always stop and not run forever Linear Search Correct Answer: Going one by one vs starting in the middle and going left/right like looking for a word in the dictionary Binary Search Correct Answer: requires the list to be sorted in order and then cutting the list in half APIs Correct Answer: Application Programming Interface Citizen Science Correct Answer: Lots of people to help with a scientific project, like asking everyone around the world to count the butterflies they see one day Cloud Computing Correct Answer: Using distributed calculations and/or storage for big data or a web application Crowdsourcing Correct Answer: Asking lots of users online to help with something, like funding a project, or running SETI@Home to help look for extraterrestrial signals Creative Commons Correct Answer: An alternative to copyright that allows people to declare how they want their artistic creations to be shared, remixed, used in noncommercial contexts, and how the policy should propagate with remixed versions Open Access Correct Answer: A policy that allows people to have read access to things, e.g., libraries or online data Moore's Law Correct Answer: The # of transistors on a chip doubles every two years Peer-to-peer Networks Correct Answer: A system where one user's computer connects through the Internet to another user's computer without going through an intermediary "centralized" computer to manage the connection Digital Divide Correct Answer: The idea that some communities / populations have less access to computing than others ISP Correct Answer: Internet Service Provider How does internet communication arrive at its destination? Correct Answer: Speech on the Internet goes from the source to an ISP, into the cloud, out of the cloud to another ISP, and to its destination