Exam (elaborations) NYU PATHO

Diagnostic measures for testing respiratory health - ANSWER 1. spirometry test to test exhalation capacity 2. ABGs (check CO2, check oxygen, bicarb, PH) 3. exercise tolerance test (put on a tread mill-used often for patient with COPD) 4. Chest x-ray/CT/MRI 5. physical assessment 6. bronchoscopy 7. culture and sensitivity tests Tidal volume - ANSWER amount of oxygen expelled in normal inspiration and expiration Residual Volume - ANSWER air in lungs after max exhalation Inspiratory Reserve Volume - ANSWER maximum amount of air you can breathe in after taking a normal breath Expiratory reserve volume - ANSWER maximum amount of air you can breathe out after breathing out normally Vital capacity - ANSWER maximum amount of air that can be expired after maximum inspired. Total lung capacity - ANSWER greatest amount possible in lungs (Residual+ maximum FEV1- Forced expiration Volume 1 - ANSWER amount you can expire in 1 second Eupnea - ANSWER normal inhale exhale (breath out longer than inhale) apnea - ANSWER no breathing hyperpnea - ANSWER hyperventilation (fast and deep breath) tachypnea - ANSWER fast and shallow breaths cheyne-stokes breaths - ANSWER deep periods, shallow periods, and apnea, waxing, waning Kussumal's - ANSWER with diabetes ketoacidosis, deep sighing with increased rate (specific form of pursed lip breath) atoxic - ANSWER completely irregular breaths with intermittent apneas apneusis - ANSWER long gasping inspiration with short expiration What bacteria causes Tuberculosis - ANSWER mycobacterium tuberculosis how is TB spread - ANSWER airborne droplet which populations are most vulnerable to TB - ANSWER ocompromised (HIV) 2. densely populated areas 3. malnourished 4. alcoholics 5. chronic disease