NREMT FINAL EXAM 2023.

NREMT FINAL EXAM 2023. Medical Direction - CORRECT ANSWER-Oversight of the patient-care aspects of an EMS system by the Medical Director. Protocols - CORRECT ANSWER-lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations. Protocols are developed by the Medical Director of an EMS system Offline Direction - CORRECT ANSWER-consists of standing orders issued by the medical director that allows EMTs to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the medical director or another physician. Online Direction - CORRECT ANSWER-consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT-B in the field by radio or telephone. Standing Orders - CORRECT ANSWER-A policy or protocol issued by a Medical Director that authorizes EMT-Bs and others to perform particular skills in certain situations. HEPA Mask - CORRECT ANSWER-High Efficiency Particulate Air respirator; used for patients with suspected TB; worn by the EMT provider to prevent airborne transmission Hepatitis B - CORRECT ANSWER-infectious inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid Hepatitis C - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus, transmitted by exposure to infected blood (rarely contracted sexually) Tuberculosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most commonly affects the respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification of the system. Acute Stress - CORRECT ANSWER-short term ; fight or flight response ; effects disappear quickly after it is over Scope of Practice - CORRECT ANSWER-What we are allowed to do or trained to do Standard Care - CORRECT ANSWER-the degree of care that a reasonably prudent person should exercise under the same or similar circumstances Duty to Act - CORRECT ANSWER-an obligation to provide care to a patient Good Samaritan - CORRECT ANSWER-a person who voluntarily offers help or sympathy in times of trouble Expressed Consent - CORRECT ANSWER-Permission that must be obtained from every conscious, mentally competent adult before emergency treatment may be provided Implied Consent - CORRECT ANSWER-The consent it is presumed a patient or patient's parent or gaurdian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed. Treatment of a Minor - CORRECT ANSWER-Must be given by legal guardian Involuntary - CORRECT ANSWER-Mentally incompetent person Advanced Directive - CORRECT ANSWER-a legal document prepared by a living, competent adult to provide guidance to the health care team if the individual should become unable to make decisions regarding his or her medical care; may also be called a living will or durable power of attorney for health care Polst - CORRECT ANSWER-Physicians orders for life sustaining treatment. May include order for DO NOT RESUSCITATE PCR - CORRECT ANSWER-Prehospital care report Emergency Move - CORRECT ANSWER-a move made when there is an immediate danger to the patient. Urgent Move - CORRECT ANSWER-Move used if a scne factor causes a decline in patient's condition, or if the treatment of a patient requires a move. Non urgent move - CORRECT ANSWER-No immediate threat to life, are carried out in such a way as to prevent injury and to avoid discomfort and pain. bariatric stretcher - CORRECT ANSWER-Stretcher for obese patients scoop stretcher - CORRECT ANSWER-this cot splits in tow or four sections, so it can be used where larger stretchers cannot fit. basket stretcher - CORRECT ANSWER-designed to surround and protect the patient, this stretcher is used to move a patient from one level to another to over rough terrain. flexible stretcher - CORRECT ANSWER-made of canvas or rubberized or other flexible material, often with wooden slats sewn into pockets and three carrying handles on each side. can be useful in restricted areas or narrow hallways anatomical planes - CORRECT ANSWER-1. coronal (vertical cut into front and back halves) 2. transverse (horizontal cut into upper and lower) 3. sagittal (vertical cut into left and right halves) fowler position - CORRECT ANSWER-a bed sitting position with the head of the bed raised to 45 degrees semi fowler position - CORRECT ANSWER-the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees shock position - CORRECT ANSWER-feet elevated 12 inches higher than head anterior - CORRECT ANSWER-Toward the Front posterior - CORRECT ANSWER-Toward the back superior - CORRECT ANSWER-toward the head or above point of reference inferior - CORRECT ANSWER-away from the head or below point of reference dorsal - CORRECT ANSWER-Toward the back/spine ventral - CORRECT ANSWER-Toward the front/ belly medial - CORRECT ANSWER-Toward center of body lateral - CORRECT ANSWER-Away from center of body bilateral - CORRECT ANSWER-Both sides unilateral - CORRECT ANSWER-One side ipsilateral - CORRECT ANSWER-Same side contralateral - CORRECT ANSWER-opposite side proximal - CORRECT ANSWER-Near the point of reference distal - CORRECT ANSWER-Far from point of reference mid clavicular - CORRECT ANSWER-the line through the center of the clavical mid axillary - CORRECT ANSWER-line drawn veritcally from the middle of the armpit to the ankle plantar - CORRECT ANSWER-Sole of foot palmar - CORRECT ANSWER-Palm of hand quadrants of the abdomen - CORRECT ANSWER-Describing where an abdominal organ or pain is located is made easier by dividing the abdomen into four imaginary quadrants. *Right upper quadrant (RUQ) *Left upper quadrant (LUQ) *Right lower quadrant (RLQ) *Left lower quadrant (LLQ) vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER-the 33 bones of the spinal column Ribs - CORRECT ANSWER-Vertebrosternal = 'True ribs" -ribs 1-7 attach directly to the sternum through their costal cartilage. Vertebrochondral = "False ribs" =ribs 8-10 costal cartilage articulate indirectly with the sternumb by joing the costal cartilages of ribs above. Vertebral Ribs = "Floating ribs" ribs 11 and 12 no anterior attachment. upper airway - CORRECT ANSWER-(Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx)FUNCTION:*Conducts air to lower airway *Protects lower airways *Warms, filters & humidifies air lower airway - CORRECT ANSWER-trachea, bronchi, bronchiole