IT fundamentals Final Exam Review Questions with Correct Answers.

What are the steps involved in the Fetch-Execution Cycle? Correct Answer Instruction Fetch - Fetches instruction from memory unit and moves it to Control Unit. Bits of instructions are placed in the decoder circuit of the CPU Instruction Decode/Data Fetch - Determines what operation the ALU will perform and sets it up properly. It then passes the addresses to the circuit that fetches them from memory, then places it in the Result Return Circuit. Instruction Execution - Actual Computation is performed, so for the ADD operation, it adds the 2 source operands together to produce their sum. Result Return - Result of execution is returned to the memory location specified by the destination address. The cycle then begins again. What is pipe-lining? Correct Answer The process of being able to fetch the next instruction while performing arithmetic operations. It gets hold in a buffer close to the processor until each instruction operation can be performed. (Overlapped movement of instruction to the processor) What is the function of the Program Counter? Correct Answer It stores the address of the next instruction to be performed. The next instruction is equal to the Program counter + 4 bytes. Instructions of a typical Processor? Correct Answer Arithmetic Logic Unit - Performs the Math. Can be ADD SUB MULT DIV etc Control Unit - Decodes Instructions in order to determine what operation the ALU will perform then lets the other Units know how to respond to each instruction. Input/Output Unit (Communicating with Peripheral devices) - Takes input from user and outputs it in various ways. Memory Unit - RAM or Secondary Storage What are Information Systems and Examples? Correct Answer Software that helps the user organize and analyze data to produce useful information that helps in decision making. Examples: Spreadsheets and Databases What is the Management Hierarchy Pyramid and information needs of each management level and types of Information Systems? Correct Answer Strategic Level - Unstructured - Executive Support System - Decision Support System Tactical Level - Semi Structured - Management Information System