Exam (elaborations) Biochemistry WGU

Bohr Effect chart (low pH) - ANSWER C- High CO2 H- High H+ A- Acidic R-Release of O2(rt. Shift) T- tense state (in tissues) Primary structure - ANSWER Sequence of amino acids that make up a protein Secondary Structure - ANSWER Sequence of amino acids fold. Tertiary Structure - ANSWER -more folding in a 3D shape. -R groups (side chains) Quaternary Structure - ANSWER Protein has more than 1 polypeptide chain. Chemical reaction - ANSWER -absorb and release energy -activation energy -energy is released (heat & light) when bonds are broken. Exothermic reaction - ANSWER Exo=to release Thermo=heat -chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs (as heat & light) Example of exothermic reaction - ANSWER Cellular respiration- breaks down glucose to make cellular energy Endothermic reaction - ANSWER Endo=absorb Thermos=heat -absorbs more energy than it releases Example of endothermic reaction - ANSWER Photosynthesis- takes in light to break down to create glucose Catalyst - ANSWER Substance that will decrease the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction Enzymes - ANSWER -catalysts used by cells -increase the rate of chemical reaction -specific to substrates Enzyme structure - ANSWER -they are proteins -twist, fold, bend to final shape -shape attracts specific molecules Substrate - ANSWER Molecules that bind to the enzyme Active site - ANSWER -location on enzyme where substrate binds Function of DNA polymerase in process of PCR. - ANSWER -increase expression -2 genes -SIRT1 & SIRT2