echelon class

Echelon class 2023 Complete Guide Rated A+ sinus bradycardia Ans- -less than 60 beats per minute -P wave in front of every QRS -PR--0.12 to 0.20 -QRS less than 0.12 -if symptomatic--atropine, pacemaker sinus tachycardia Ans- -treat underlying cause (fever, pain, etc.) Sinus Arrhythmia Ans- irregular with breathing--HR increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration -only treat if hemodynamically compromised--atropine SA block Ans- -dropped interval/pause -if hemodynamically compromised--atropine, permanent pacemaker sinus arrest Ans- - SA node doesn't fire - notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle) -no treatment if episodes are transient otherwise temporary pacing or atropine Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) Ans- if symptomatic--digitalis, beta blockers, antiarrhythmics atrial flutter Ans- -Sawtooth pattern -250 to 350 beats -PRI cant determine** -QRS less than .12 -need to control ventricular rate and convert the rhythm/anticoagulate a fib Ans- -no p wave -PRI cant measure** -QRS les than 0.12 -rate control and anti coag SVT Ans- -regular rate and rhythm -P wave not visible** -PRI 0.12-0.20** -QRS less than 0.12 -tx: vagal simulation -if stable--adenosine, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, dig, antiarrhythmics -if unstable--cardioversion Premature Junctional Contraction Ans- -Inverted p wave or hidden p wave PRI0.12 or none Normal QRS -p wave goes down instead of up -no PRI unless P wave before QRS junctional escape rhythm Ans- -regular rhythm -40 to 60 beats -P wave inverted (down) -PRI and QRS less than 0.12 -asymptomatic -check current meds -check dig level -atropine or pacing accelerated junctional rhythm Ans- -regular rhythm, rate 60-100, p waves inverted or occur before during or after QRS, PRI measured if p before QRS 0.12 -check current meds, check dig level, 02 junctional tachycardia Ans- -Rate: 100 to 180bpm Regularity: regular P-wave: inverted, absent, or occur after the QRS-complex PR-interval: short or absent -control rate if symptomatic--beta blockers, CCB, amiodarone -if rate 150--vagal stimulation, adenosine, beta blockers, CCB, amiodarone, check dig level -no cardioversion premature ventricular contraction Ans- -no p wave -no PRI -QRS is wide and bizarre -check electrolytes, monitor pulse -usually no medical intervention v tach Ans- -no p wave -no pri -qrs is wide and bizarre -stable: amiodarone or lidocaine, cardioversion -unstable: cardioversion 100j, 200j, 300j, followed by amiodarone or lidocaine -if no pulse follow v fib v fib Ans- -no discernable waves -CPR, defib, epi or vasopressin -amiodarone -lidocaine -magnesium -sodium bicarbonate pulseless electrical activity Ans- -CPR -atropine -epi -iV fluids first degree heart block Ans- -P waves -prolonged PRI -QRS less than 0.12 second degree type 1 Ans- -P wave--some not followed by QRS -PRI lengthens until one P wave is not conducted -QRS less than second degree type 2 Ans- -p waves outnumber qrs -PRI is constant but possibly prolonged -QRI less than third degree heart block Ans- -40 to 60 beats or 20-40 -no PRI relationship -QRS less than treatment for heart blcok Ans- -atropine for 1st and second degree type 1 -transcutaneous pacing -dopaine -epinephrine