NUR 2474 Rasmussen Pharm Quiz Module 5 Latest 2021 / 2022 |: Pharmacology for Professional Nursing - Rasmussen

NUR 2474 Rasmussen Pharm Quiz Module 5 Latest 2021 / 2022 |: Pharmacology for Professional Nursing - Rasmussen Document Content and Description Below How do all diuretics work? - Blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption in the kidney, causing water, sodium and chloride to be excreted in the urine from the body, along with potassium. When is the best time to give a diuretic medication? - in the morning, so the patient does not have to get up at night to go pee. What things should we monitor when giving a patient any diuretic? - electrolyte imbalances and for fluid volume deficit (sodium- seizures and cerebral edema, potassium- can cause EKG changes) What are diuretics normally used to treat? - fluid volume overload, hypertension, heart failure, renal and liver failure, lowers peripheral edema and pulmonary edema What is the mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics? - they pull water into the renal system from the surrounding tissues, and produces rapid diuresis. What are osmotic diuretics used to treat? - renal failure, reduce ICP, treat cerebral edema, reduce IOP. What are the side effects of osmotic diuretics? - pulmonary edema,HF, rebound increased ICP, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances What are important drug interactions with osmotic diuretics? - lithium and digoxin - can be toxic What should we use when administering an osmotic diuretic through the IV? - filter- this medication can crystalize when exposed to lower temperatures. What is the mechanism of action for K sparing diuretics? - binds to aldosterone receptors to promote Na and water excretion, but will also cause potassium to be retained. What are K sparing diuretics used to treat? - hypertension, HF, pediatric HF, hyperaldosteronism ( binds to aldosterone to excrete it), edema What are the side effects for K sparing diuretics? - hyperkalemia, drowsiness, benign and malignant tumors, endocrine effects What is important to monitor with the use of K sparing diuretics? - K levels- because hyperkalemia may occur and cause life threading dysrhythmias What are important drug interactions with use of K sparing diuretics? - thiazide and loop diuretics, agents that raise the potassium levels, lithium, RAAS drugs What is the mechanism of action for thiazide diuretics? - they inhibit reabsorption of sodium, chloride, potassium and water, causing them to be excreted. they also elevate levels of calcium, uric acid, and glucose. What population of patients should we not use thiazide diuretics with? - patients with renal disease What is thiazide diuretics used to treat? - 1st choice for hypertension, edema, HF, diabetes insipidous What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics? - hypo na, cl, k, and dehydration, hyper glycemic and uricemia, What are important drug interactions with use of thiazide diuretics? - digoxin, lithium, antihypertensives- causes a additive effect What is the mechanism of action for loop diuretics? - acts on the ascending loop of Henle's to block sodium and chloride reabsorption, causing excretion Show Less