UNH Nutrition 400 Final Exam 2022 complete with Questions and Answers

what is vitamin K important for? - answer bone and blood clotting major functions of vitamin K - answer bone metabolism and blood clotting vitamin K deficiency - answer rare, fat mal-absorption, bacteria in large intestine (on antibiotic might not have bacteria) vitamin K toxicity - answer highly unlikely, newborns need single dose at birth bc GI tract has never been used fat soluble vitamins - answer A,D,E,K water soluble - answer b vitamins and vitamin C vitamin classification - answer need in small amounts, organic and yield no energy where does the digestive process for vitamins begin - answer stomach fat soluble vitamin digestion - answer bile aids in absorption and absorbed in small intestine carried by chylomicrons into the lymphatic circulation water soluble vitamin digestion - answer absorbed in small intestine and released into blood vitamin K digestion - answer small amounts made by bacteria in intestine what is required to be added to salt - answer iodine if the body didn't have b vitamins? - answer the body would have difficulty producing ATP from other sources minerals are what kind of micronutrient? - answer inorganic micronutrient do minerals yield energy? - answer no where are minerals from? - answer plant and animal sources can minerals be easily destroyed? - answer no, more stable than vitamins can minerals be toxic in excess? - answer yes global leader in deficiencies? - answer iron deficiency, iodine next toxicities and imbalances possible with dietary supplements? - answer yes water basics - answer essential, most abundant molecule how much of an adults weight is water? - answer 50-70% which has more water? lean or adipose tissue? - answer lean fluid in the body is made up of? - answer water and solutes functions of water? - answer maintenance of blood volume, transport nutrients and oxygen, lubricant and protection, chemical reactions, solvent, temp regulation, waste removal water needs - answer vary with size, activity, environment and diet AI for water - answer men - 3.7 L women - 2.7 L insensible water loss - answer sweating, lung respiration, urine, feces what happens if not enough water input? - answer body works harder to keep you alive what glands pay attention to water supply in body? - answer pituitary and adrenal gland water intoxication rare? - answer yes, and potentially fatal hyponatremia - answer low blood sodium most abundant mineral in body? - answer calcium