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Summary Foreign relations notes AQA A level History: Making of Modern Britain

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Notes covering all sections of foreign affairs for the course Making of Modern Britain. Useful for revision, planning of essays, comparison of periods. Good luck with your exams!

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Period Overseas Europe USA/Cold War Other
Conser 1953 – the end of the Korean War Rejection of Europe: Churchill’s dedication to continue 1957 – the Notting Hill riots in poor
vatives (started under Atlee) Eden: “This is something which we American involvement in Europe (tour in suburbs due to the economic and social
(1951- 1955 – start of the Vietnam War know in our bones we cannot do.” America after his resignation) issues
64) Gaitskell: ‘It means the end of a The Commonwealth Act 1962 -
1956-57 – The Suez Crisis thousand years of history’ 1953 – the end of the Korean War voucher system was created for
🙁 damage to the reputation (started under Atlee) where British immigrants
🙁 economic impact (run on the 1961 – application to the EEC troops fought alongside American 🙁 seen as racist
pound, oil prices) -> economic considerations (rise of
🙁 dependence on the USA – dollar inflation; failure of EFTA: failure of 1962 – the Cuban Missile Crisis - dedication of the Conservative official to
loan planning and Keynesian approach) 🙁 Britain was describes as ‘bystanders’ develop independent nuclear weapons for
-> political considerations: the world status (+Cold War fears)
1960 - ‘the wind of change’ - start of leadership position, bridge between Britain buys American Polaris missiles 1952 – first tests of the atomic bomb
the decolonisation under Macmillan Europe and America after the failure of the Anglo-French CND marches against nuclear arms
-> moral and economic reasons 🙁 conflicts over the Commonwealth agreement in 1962 (supported by the Labour) 1960 – the
(military spending) agricultural agreements block vote by the unions imposed
😊 relatively peaceful (Mau Mau 🙁 1963 – de Gaulle blocked Britain’s Scandals and blackmailing of British unilateralism on the Labour Party (rejected
rebellion) entry officials damaged American trust by Gaitskell in 1961)
🙁 need for a new role in the world 1963 – the Profumo Scandal or Vassal
(EEC) (blackmailing)
Labour Vietnam – Wilson provided moral 1967 – the failure of the second Commitment to the special relationship, 1965 – the first Race Relations Act against
1964- support to the USA, but did not application to the EEC (de Gaulle) NATO discrimination in public spaces
70 intervene 🙁 lack of enthusiasm 🙁 the Vietnam war put the relationships – established race relations boards
🙁 public anti-war riots under the strain 🙁 not specific
… Wilson needed American financial 😊 first legislation to address racial issues
1965 – Rhodesian Unilateral support, but sending the troops would be
Declaration of Independence even more costly 1968 – the ‘rivers of blood’ speech by
🙁 Wilson’s failure of negotiations Powell against further immigration
(because of the Ian Smith?) ? Contributed to the Conservatives victory
-> avoidance of military intervention in 1970
(seen as fighting a racial war) 🙁 exaggerated facts

Withdrawal from the East of Suez 1968 – the Second Race Relations Act: stop
😊 relevantly successful discrimination in housing and employment
🙁 some countries ended with 🙁 ineffective boards
oppressive regime due to Cold War
and the Soviet intervention 1968 – the Commonwealth Act: took away
the right of residence unless the passport
holders were 'patrials'

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