Summary MCAT Study guides, Class notes & Summaries 2023

MCAT Study guides, Class notes & Summaries 2023 Central Dogma - MCAT NOTES DNA - RNA - Protein RNA and the Genetic Code - MCAT NOTES The Genetic Code What is the accCentral Dogma - MCAT NOTES DNA - RNA - Protein RNA and the Genetic Code - MCAT NOTES The Genetic Code What is the accurate order? A Transcription then Translation B Translation then Transcription - MCAT NOTES A Transcription then Translation (think c comes before s) What are the 3 major types of RNA involved in transcription? - MCAT NOTES mRNA tRNA rRNA What is the function of mRNA? - MCAT NOTES -carries the message from DNA in the nucleus via transcription of the gene -travels to the cyotoplasm to be translated What is the function of tRNA? - MCAT NOTES brings in amino acids; recognizes the codon on the mRNA using its anticodon What is the function of rRNA? - MCAT NOTES makes up much of the ribosome Is ribosomal RNA enzymatically: a active b inactive - MCAT NOTES active Mneumonic to remember the three types of RNA - MCAT NOTES MTR (like the spice) The Cell - MCAT NOTES Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells Include: - MCAT NOTES Nucleus Mitochondrion Lysosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Peroxisomes Nucleus - MCAT NOTES contains all the genetic material necessary for replication of the cell Mitochondrion - MCAT NOTES location of many metabolic processes (pyruvate dehydrogenase, citric acid cycle, ETC, oxidative phosphorylation, Beta oxidation, some of gluconeogenesis, urea cycle) and ATP production Lysosomes - MCAT NOTES membrane-bound structures containing hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down many different substrates T/F: Both the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are interconnected membranous structures - MCAT NOTES True Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - MCAT NOTES interconnected membranous structure with ribosomes studding the outside; site of synthesis of proteins destined for insertion into a membrane or secretion Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - MCAT NOTES interconnected membranous structure where lipid synthesis and detoxification occurs Golgi Apparatus - MCAT NOTES membrane-bound sacs where posttranslational modification of proteins occurs Peroxisomes - MCAT NOTES organelle containing hydrogen peroxide; site of Beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids The Cell - MCAT NOTES Prokaryotes Prokaryotes are classified by __________. - MCAT NOTES shape Spherical bacteria are known as _____. - MCAT NOTES cocci Rod-shaped bacteria are known as ________. - MCAT NOTES bacilli Spiral-shaped bacteria are known as _____. - MCAT NOTES spirilli In prokaryotes, the cell wall and cell membrane form the _________. - MCAT NOTES envelope Composition of the prokaryote cell wall is further classified into ________ _______ and _______ ________. - MCAT NOTES gram negative and gram positive Gram positive bacteria have large/small quantities of peptidoglycan in the cell wall - MCAT NOTES large Gram negative bacteria have large/small quantities of peptidoglycan in the cell wall with ___________ - MCAT NOTES small with lipopolysaccharides The structure of flagella in bacteria is the same/different than that of eukaryotes. - MCAT NOTES The structure of flagella in bacteria is much different than that of eukaryotes Eukaryotic flagella contain a _________ body. - MCAT NOTES basal The basal body of eukaryotic flagella serves as the engine for _________. - MCAT NOTES motion All prokaryotes divide by what process? - MCAT NOTES binary fission How does binary fission occur? - MCAT NOTES the circular chromosome replicates and attaches to the cell wall; the plasma membrane and cell wall grow along the midline, forming daughter cells Reproduction - MCAT NOTES Cell Division G1 Phase of Cell Cycle Interphase - MCAT NOTES cell increases its organelles and cytoplasm S Phase of Cell Cycle Interphase - MCAT NOTES Cell makes a copy of its nuclear DNA (DNA replication) G2 phase of cell cycle interphase - MCAT NOTES same as G1 M phase of cell cycle interphase - MCAT NOTES the cell divides into two What are the phases of Mitosis? - MCAT NOTES PMAT Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase The result of Mitosis is - MCAT NOTES two genetically identical cells also known as daughter cells Reproduction - MCAT NOTES Sexual Reproduction Meiosis - MCAT NOTES PMAT x 2 -Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms Sexual Reproduction is also called - MCAT NOTES Meiosis Sexual Reproduction consists of Meiosis ____ and ________ ___ - MCAT NOTES Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2