NLN PAX-RN Biology (with complete answers)

What are the taxonomic levels of all living beings from most to least general? correct answers domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (dumb kings play chess on fiberGlass stools) Define homeostasis. correct answers The maintenance of equilibrium within an organism by a tendency to compensate for changes and disruptions. Define metabolism. correct answers All of the physical and chemical reactions associated with every aspect of cell life. Define anabolism. correct answers An organism's ability to synthesize larger molecules from smaller molecules. Define catabolism. correct answers An organism's ability to synthesize smaller molecules from larger ones. By what process is ATP produced? correct answers oxidative phosphorylation (OXYPHOS) What is the process by which glycogen is converted to energy? correct answers glycogenolysis What are the two main types of chemical bonds? correct answers Ionic and covalent. How are ionic bonds formed? correct answers Ionic bonds are formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. One atom loses electrons and becomes positively charged. The other gains electrons and becomes negatively charged. These charged forms are called ions and are either positively or negatively charged. Na⁺ is an example of a positively charged ion that has lost an electron. Cl⁻ has gained an electron and is a negatively charged ion. How are covalent bonds formed? correct answers Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared by atoms, not pulled away completely. If the electrons in a covalent bond are shared equally, what is the bond called? correct answers nonpolar covalent If the electrons in a covalent bond are shared unequally, what is the bond called? correct answers polar covalent What is a hydrogen bond? correct answers Hydrogen bonds are weak chemical bonds formed when a hydrogen atom interacts with a nearby hydrogen atom that is already part of a covalent bond. Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds.