Elaborated Questions and Answers For AEA Study Guide 2023

Elaborated Questions and Answers For AEA Study Guide 2023 Sagittal plane - CORRECT ANSWER-divides the body into right and left portions. movements: front to back -flexion -extension -hyperextension frontal axis - CORRECT ANSWER-point of rotation for the sagittal plane, runs side to side frontal plane - CORRECT ANSWER-divides body into anterior and posterior (front and back) portions movements: side to side -abduction/adduction -lateral flexion sagittal axis - CORRECT ANSWER-the point of rotation for the frontal plane; runs from front to back (anterior to posterior) transverse plane - CORRECT ANSWER-divides body into upper and lower portions movements: parallel to ground -rotation -transverse abduction and adduction vertical or longitudinal axis - CORRECT ANSWER-the point of rotation for the transverse plane; runs from top to bottom sternocleidomastoid - CORRECT ANSWER-flexion and rotation of head at cervical spine pectoralis - CORRECT ANSWER-flexion and transverse adduction of the arm at the shoulder upper trapezius - CORRECT ANSWER-scapular elevation and neck extension middle trapezius - CORRECT ANSWER-scapular retraction lower trapezius - CORRECT ANSWER-scapular depression latissimus dorsi - CORRECT ANSWER-extension and adduction of the arm at the shoulder anterior deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER-transverse adduction medial deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER-abduction posterior deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER-transverse abduction biceps brachii - CORRECT ANSWER-flexion of the forearm at the elbow; flexion of the arm at the shoulder triceps brachii - CORRECT ANSWER-extension of the forearm at the elbow; extension of the arm at the shoulder wrist flexors - CORRECT ANSWER-flexion of the hand at the wrist; flexion of the phalanges wrist extensors - CORRECT ANSWER-extension of the hand at the wrist; extension of the phalanges erector spinae - CORRECT ANSWER-extension of the trunk along the vertebral column quadratus lumborum - CORRECT ANSWER-lateral flexion of the trunk rectus abdominus - CORRECT ANSWER-flexion of the trunk at the lumbar spine obliques - CORRECT ANSWER-flexion and rotation of the trunk at lumbar spine transverse abdominus - CORRECT ANSWER-abdominal compression and posterior pelvic tilt iliopsoas - CORRECT ANSWER-flexion of the leg at the hip gluteus maximus - CORRECT ANSWER-extension of the leg at the hip hip abductors - CORRECT ANSWER-abduction of the leg at the hip hip adductors - CORRECT ANSWER-adduction of the leg at the hip quadriceps - CORRECT ANSWER-flexion of the leg at the hip (rectus femoris); extension of the lower leg at the knee hamstrings - CORRECT ANSWER-extension of the leg at the hip; flexion of the lower leg at the knee gastrocnemius - CORRECT ANSWER-plantar flexion at the ankle soleus - CORRECT ANSWER-plantar flexion at the ankle tibialis anterior - CORRECT ANSWER-dorsi flexion at the ankle isometric muscle action - CORRECT ANSWER-tension is developed in muscle without movement at joint or change in muscle length; tension remains constant isokinetic muscle action - CORRECT ANSWER-in a sense, a combination of isometric & isotonic; requires specialized equipment isotonic muscle action - CORRECT ANSWER-Most activities in our classes are isotonic actions, where muscle lengthens & shortens to create movement at the joint concentric - CORRECT ANSWER-shortening muscle action eccentric - CORRECT ANSWER-lengthening muscle action resisted movement - CORRECT ANSWER-any part in the ROM of the exercise where additional resistance is created by moving against a force; usually a CONCENTRIC contaction; muscle contracts and shortens to move the load assisted movement - CORRECT ANSWER-any part in the ROM of the exercise that is facilitated by the forces of gravity or buoyancy, or by equipment; usually an ECCENTRIC contraction; muscle contracts AND lengthens to CONTROL the facilitated movement movement on land - CORRECT ANSWER-affected by downward pull of gravity; with body weight or weighted equipment, workload is when resistance is "lifted" away from center of the earth"; the same muscle groups involved in "lowering" the resistance in a controlled manner gravity resisted - CORRECT ANSWER-away from the center of the earth= CONCENTRIC gravity assisted - CORRECT ANSWER-toward the center of the earth= ECCENTRIC ON LAND arm curl- flexion of elbow - CORRECT ANSWER-gravity resisted; concentric biceps ON LAND arm curl- extension of elbow - CORRECT ANSWER-gravity assisted; eccentric biceps ON LAND leg curl- flexion of knee hamstrings - CORRECT ANSWER-gravity resisted; concentric ON LAND leg curl- extension of knee - CORRECT ANSWER-gravity assisted; eccentric hamstrings submerged movement - CORRECT ANSWER-resisted in all planes of movement and in all directions of movement; without added resistance equipment, both muscles perform concentric actions IN POOL no equipment; arm curl- flexion of elbow - CORRECT ANSWER-water resisted; concentric biceps IN POOL no equipment; arm curl- extension of elbow - CORRECT ANSWER-water resisted; concentric triceps IN POOL no equipment; leg curl- flexion of knee - CORRECT ANSWER-water resisted; concentric hamstrings IN POOL no equipment; leg curl- extension of knee - CORRECT ANSWER-water resisted; concentric quads buoyancy assisted - CORRECT ANSWER-towards water's surface; eccentric buoyancy resisted - CORRECT ANSWER-towards the bottom of the pool; concentric the muscle that shortens to move equipment towards pool bottom.... - CORRECT ANSWER-...is the targeted muscle group during the exercise IN POOL with equipment; arm curl- flexion of elbow - CORRECT ANSWER-buoyancy assisted; eccentric triceps IN POOL with equipment; arm curl- extension of elbow - CORRECT ANSWERbuoyancy resisted; concentric triceps IN POOL with equipment; leg curl- flexion of knee - CORRECT ANSWER-buoyancy assisted; eccentric quads IN POOL with equipment; leg curl- extension of knee - CORRECT ANSWER-buoyancy resisted; concentric quads gravity resisted in pool - CORRECT ANSWER-towards waters surface; concentric gravity assisted in pool - CORRECT ANSWER-towards bottom of the pool; eccentric buoyed and weight muscle actions - CORRECT ANSWER-are OPPOSITE and complement each other in aquatic programming difficult to target with buoyant equipment - CORRECT ANSWER-deltoids, abductors, iliopsoas and erector spinae difficult to target with weighted equipment - CORRECT ANSWER-adductors, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominus and gluteus maximus drag equipment - CORRECT ANSWER-resisted in all planes of movement; muscle action primary concentric in all directions of movement same muscle action as using no equipment, however resistive force is magnified rubberized resisted - CORRECT ANSWER-AWAY from the anchored point- concentric rubberized assisted - CORRECT ANSWER-TOWARD the anchored point- eccentric rubberized equipment - CORRECT ANSWER-basically works the same regardless of environment; the position of the anchor point determines the working muscle group flotation equipment - CORRECT ANSWER-generally NOT used to increase resistance; used to create "neutral buoyancy" -maintain correct vertical alignment -holds head above water belts - CORRECT ANSWER-most common deep water equipment; various body types require different belts vests - CORRECT ANSWER-may be more comfortable; proper fit is imperative upper arm cuffs - CORRECT ANSWER-good for those restricted by belt (prenatal; respiratory conditions); only those designed for water exercise; NON inflatable ankle cuffs - CORRECT ANSWER-added buoyancy AND resistance; require core strength/stabilization to maintain proper vertical alignment noodles/logs - CORRECT ANSWER-IF the primary flotation device it should ONLY be used for participants with swimming skills force of gravity - CORRECT ANSWER-object generates its weight force on intertia - CORRECT ANSWER-generates its resistance to change in direction and speed total body inertia - CORRECT ANSWER-when traveling, it requires more effort to start, stop or change direction of body