NSG6006 Pre-specialty Evaluation Updated 2023 Rated 100% Correct!!

metaparadigm - Answer is a world view of discipline (human beings, environment, health & nursing). philosophies - Answer a statement encompassing onto-logical claims about the phenomena of central interest came to a discipline, epistemic claims about how those phenomena come to be known, and ethical claims about what the discipline value, and noted that the function of a philosophy is to communicate what the members of a discipline believe to be true in relation to the phenomena of interest to that discipline conceptual models - Answer a set of relatively abstract and general concepts that address the phenomena of central interest to a discipline, the propositions that broadly describe those concepts, and the propositions that state relatively abstract and general relations between two or more concepts. theories - Answer one or more relatively concrete and specific concepts that are derived from a conceptual model, the propositions that narrowly describe those concepts, and the propositions that state relatively concrete and specific relations between two or more concepts grand theory - Answer abstract, broad theory consists of propositions that are less broad and abstract than a conceptual model, but not as specific and concrete as middle range theory Grand theories - Answer • Leininger's Cultural Care, Diversity and Universality Theory and Model • Margaret Newman Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness middle range theory - Answer less abstract, narrower in scope, and has fewer propositions and concepts than grand theory. middle range theories - Answer • Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring • Imogene King: Conceptual System & Theory of Goal Attainment • Nola Pender: Health Promotion Theory empirical indicators - Answer provide a way for middle-range theories to be tested or generated, but there is no direct link between empirical indicators and conceptual models, philosophies, or the metaparadigm proposition - Answer a statement about one or more concepts Theory of Human Caring - Jean Watson - - Answer Initially differentiated nursing and medicine, stating that curing is a domain for medicine, and caring is a domain of nursing. It indicated that transpersonal caring relationship depends on moral commitment to human dignity, wholeness, caring, and healing Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment - Imogene King - - Answer Conceptual system that is the notion that human beings are open systems interacting constantly with the environment Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness - Margaret Newman - - Answer Patterning of a person's interaction with the environment. Consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction. Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory Model - Madeleine Leininger - - Answer Theory of transcultural nursing promotes understanding of both the universally held and common understanding of care among humans and the culture specific caring beliefs and behaviors that define any caring context or interaction Health Promotion Model - Nola Pender - - Answer Health promotion revolves around raising consciousness related to health promoting behaviors, promoting self-efficacy, enhancing the benefits of change, and managing the barriers to change Humanistic Learning Theory - Answer emphasizes a person-centered approach and stresses the importance of feeling over thoughts. The subjective human experience of each individual is seen as being of value, and human relationships depend on being spontaneous, authentic, and empathetic. The goal is to help individuals express their inner creativity, reach their inner potential, and strive for personal growth. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Behaviorist Learning Theory - Answer Learning is based on associations people make between stimuli and responses, and the belief that life is largely a matter of habit that requires little thinking. What is learned can be unlearned by modifying the stimulus conditions in the environment or changing the response to stimuli. B.F. Skinner operant conditioning & Pavlov classical conditioning Cognitive Learning Theory - Answer Focuses on perceptions, thinking, reasoning, memory, developmental changes, and processing of information that transpire with the learner. This theory is useful for appreciating the different ways that individuals approach and respond to any learning situation, recognizing the complexity of learning, and promoting instructors to take their cues from learners to be effective. Jean Piaget cognitive development Picot Model for generating EBP clinical questions - Answer P = patient population (identify the population of interest) problem (identify primary problem) I = intervention (identify the interventions to be considered) C= comparison (identify what the intervention will be compared to) O = outcomes (identify the goal of the intervention T =time (time frame for measuring outcomes) Behavioral systems model - Dorothy Johnson - - Answer is a model of nursing care that advocates the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness nurse educator - Answer master or doctoral prepared registered nurses who practice as full time or adjunct faculty in college/universities, hospital based educational residency programs, and/or health care facilities. Responsibilities for both classroom and practical setting include mentoring and preparing future generations of nurses and current nurses in practice. They play a vital role in serving as role models, while strengthening the nursing workforce, by assuring quality educational opportunities, guiding employees and/or students through the learning process, as well as implementing evidenced based research into practice; they also play a role in evaluating and documenting educational learning experiences or outcomes. Nurse Informaticist - Answer relatively new, and involves the integration of the science of nursing, computer science, and management of information science to communicate data, knowledge, and information in nursing practice. generally have experience and training in both the practical setting and computer science, to better enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the tools and strategies health care providers use as a means to improve the overall health care experience and communication between the patient and the nurses; work in a variety of settings, to include industrial, hospitals, and academic sectors that train current nurses in using technology more effectively. also take on administrative roles, where their responsibilities include overseeing technology for an entire medical institution or health care system. Such administrative roles, gives them the title and responsibilities of a Chief Information Officer. Nurse administrator - Answer typically are Master prepared nurses, whose positions requires a strong knowledge base of nursing practice as well as the overall general field of healthcare. work primarily in managerial positions, and although they do not work closely with the patients, their responsibilities consist of ensuring the safety, welfare, and satisfaction of the patients, supervising employees of health care, facilitating communication among members of the health care team/staff and other areas of the healthcare system/organization, budgeting and decision making, as well as formulation of policy coach - Answer a purposeful, complex, dynamic, collaborative, and holistic interpersonal process aimed at supporting and facilitating patients and families through health-related experiences and transitions to achieve health-related goals, mutually determined, whenever possible. These goals may include higher levels of wellness, risk reduction, reduced morbidity and suffering from chronic illness, and improved quality of life, including palliative care. This APN process can best be understood as an intervention. leadership - Answer a core competency of advanced practice nursing, but the concept has some unique characteristics in the APN context - involves three distinct defining characteristics—mentoring, innovation, and activism. their activities may range from taking a stand on behalf of an individual patient to advocating for a change in national health policy. classical organizational theory - Answer the approach that assumes that there is a single best way to design organizations. this approach assumes that managers need to have close control over their subordinates and calls for designing organizations with tall hierarchies and a narrow span of control neoclassical organizational theory - Answer argues that not only economic effectiveness but also employee satisfaction should be goals of an industrial organization; this approach assumes that managers do not have to carefully monitor their subordinate and calls for designing organizations with flat servant leadership - Answer leaders who influence and motivate others by building relationships and developing the skills of individual team members. makes sure the needs of the individual team members are addressed. In this style of management, the entire team has input into decision making based on the organization's values and ideals. these leaders create devoted followers in response to positive attention they give transformational leadership - Answer based on building relationships and motivating staff members through a shared vision and mission; typically have charisma to communicate vision, confidence to act in a way that inspires others, staff respect and loyalty from letting the team know they are important, and are masters at helping people do things they weren't sure they could do by giving encouragement and praise democratic leader - Answer encourages open communication and staff participation in decisions. Workers are given responsibility, accountability, and feedback regarding their performance. Relationships are important to this leader who places a focus on quality improvement of systems and processes, rather than on mistakes of individual team members authoritarian or autocratic leader - Answer leader makes all decisions without considering input from staff. Negative reinforcement and punishment are often used to enforce rules. Because knowledge is seen as power, critical information may be withheld from the team. Mistakes are not tolerated and blame is placed on individuals rather than on faulty processes. The positive side of this style is that it works perfectly in emergencies or chaotic situations where there is little time for discussion. It is useful when enforcing policies and procedures that protect resident health and safety, but it does promote trust, communication, or teamwork when used for day to day operations; micromanagers laissez-faire leader - Answer leader provides little or no direction or supervision, and prefers to take a hands-off approach. Decisions are not made, changes rarely occur, and quality improvement is typically reactive, not proactive. It is most often used by new, inexperienced leaders or by those at the end of their career who choose not to address issues since things will soon be changed by their replacement leader. change theory - Answer created by Kurt Lewin; has three major concepts (driving forces, restraining forces, and equilibrium) and three stages (unfreezing, change, and refreezing) driving forces - Answer push in a direction that causes change to occur. They facilitate change because they push the patient in a desired direction. They cause a shift in the equilibrium towards change restraining forces - Answer They hinder change because they push the patient in the opposite direction. They cause a shift in the equilibrium that opposes change. equilibrium - Answer is a state of being where driving forces equal restraining forces, and no change occurs. It can be raised or lowered by changes that occur between the driving and restraining forces. unfreezing - Answer the process which involves finding a method of making it possible for people to let go of an old pattern that was somehow counterproductive. It is necessary to overcome the strains of individual resistance and group conformity. change - Answer also called "moving to a new level" or "movement," involves a process of change in thoughts, feeling, behavior, or all three, that is in some way more liberating or more productive refreezing - Answer establishing the change as the new habit, so that it now becomes the "standard operating procedure." Without this final stage, it can be easy for the patient to go back to old habits. evidence based practice - Answer the process of systematically finding, appraising, and using research findings as a basis for making decisions about patient care; used in an organization to design a standard of care for a population of patients. clinical nurse specialist - Answer role initially was carried out in hospital settings, in psychiatry and oncology nursing; was more focused on indirect care, such as consultation, leadership, staff education, and management of complex patients with specific diagnoses (e.g., cardiac or respiratory disease, cancer)