National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) 2023

National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) List the functions of the skeletal system - -Supports and shape the body -Protects vital organs -Produced red blood cells -Stores calcium and phosphorus Name the muscles that the axillary nerve innervates - -Deltoids -Teres minor Name the muscles that the musculocutaneous nerve innervates - -Biceps -Brachialis -Coracobrachialis Sternoclavicualar joint - -Connects the clavicle and UE to the axial skeleton -plane joint -motions: elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, and rotation* (check book for accuracy) Scapulohumeral Rhythm - For every 2 degrees of GH flexion and abduction, there is a corresponding 2 degrees of scapular upward rotation -prevents impingement of supraspinatus -maintains length: tension relationship of muscles Explain the scale of Manual Muscle Testing (MMT): - -5: Normal, max resistance -4: Good, mod resistance -3: Fair, AROM AG -2: Poor, AROM GL -1: Trace, palpable/visible contraction -0: Absent What muscles make up the rotator cuff? - "SITS" muscles -Supraspinatus -Infraspinatus -Teres minor -Subscapularis Glenohumeral Joint - -approximation of the humeral head and glenoid fossa -ball and socket joint -3 degrees of freedom -high mobility low stability -most functional in scaption plane What muscles in the sternoclavicular joint limit motion? - -Anterior/Posterior sternoclavicular tendon limit ant/post translation -Costoclavicular tendon limits elevation -Interclavicular tendon limits depression List the types of bones: - -long: femur -short: trapezoid -flat: sternum -irregular: vertabrae -sesamoid: patella Rotator cuff - -comprised of 4 muscles ("SITS" muscles) -prevents the humeral head from rotating on the glenoid fossa Trendelenburg - gait deviation caused by weak hip abductors on stance leg -How to treat: strengthen muscles, use AD, rest before getting tired, vc/tc Synovial Joint - no direct union between bony ends. -articulates ends of bones with hyaline/articular cartilage by a cavity/capsule filled with synovial fluid -limited stability, but allows free motion Acromialclavicular Joint - Articulation between the acromion and lateral clavicle -Superior/Inferior acromioclavicular ligaments: provides stability Saddle joints - -Allows motions in 2+ directions -bones fit together like horseback rider in a saddle -EX: CMC of thumb Ball-and-socket joint - -Allows motion in all 3 planes -EX: hip/GH Pivot joint - -allows motion in the transverse plane -EX: proximal radioulnar joint Condyloid joint - Motion in 2 different directions -Wrist & MCP's Hinge joint - Motion occurs in 1 plane and 1 axis -EX: humeroulnar & IP joints What are the 5 normal end feels? - -Hard: (elbow ext.) -Firm muscular (hip flex. w/ knee flex.) -Firm capsular (MCP ext.) -Firm ligamentous (forearm sup.) -Soft (elbow/knee flexion) What are the 4 abnormal end feels? - -Hard (Fx, OA, osteomyelitis) -Firm (tight ligament/capsular, increased muscular tone) -Soft: edema -Empty: too painful to reach end ROM Minimal Assistance (MinA) - PTA does 25% of the work pt does 75% of the work Moderate Assistance (ModA) - PTA does 50% of the work pt does 50% of the work Maximum Assistance (MaxA) - PTA does 75% of the work pt does 25% of the work Dependent (Total A) - PTA does 76-100% of the work pt does 0-24% of the work Supervision (S) - Pt does work with only VC's for safety Modified Independent (ModI) - Pt does work safely with extra time and/or AD Independent (I) - Pt does work safely on own Contact Guard Assist (CGA) - Pt requires TC's for safety (no lifting) Toe Touch Weight Bearing (TTWB) - Non-weightbearing, toe touches floor for balance only -Con: promotes plantar flexion contracture Indications for cyotherapy - -inflammation -pain -muscle spasms -edema 5 parts to document with gomiometric measurements - 1. side of body 2. joint motion 3. motion 4. degree/quantity 5. end feel Indications of tilt table - -improve orthostatic hypotension -facilitate WB -prevent osteoporosis -increase pulmonary ventilation -increase alertness 5 cardinal signs of lifting - 1. keep load close (use shorter lever arm, COG close to object) 2. Widen BOS 3. Isometric contraction 4. lift with legs 5. no twisting body mechanics - refers to the way in which we position our body during tasks produce motion that is - -safe -energy conserving -anatomically efficient -maintain balance and control -avoid valsalva -reduce stress, fatigue, strain, and injury Step length - hel contact of 1 foot to heel contact of the other foot speed - rate at which distance is covered contraindications for tilt table - -B LE WB restrictions -unstable spinal cord injury -erratic BP -Erratic HR/rhythm Heart Rate - the # of times the heart contracts during a given period of time Where would you palpate an infant for a pulse? an adult? - -infant:brachial pulse -adult: carotid/radial Tachycardia - abnormally fast HR above 100BPM Bradycardia - abnormally slow heartbeat below 60 BPM Stance phase - time foot is in contact with the floor; 60% of cycle Swing phase - time foot spends in the air; 40% of cycle Which assistive device would you use for WB precautions? - -parallel bars -standard walker (3pt or mod 3pt) -axillary crutches (2pt or 4pt) foot drop - plantar flexed foot during swing cycle due to weak DF High steppage gait - excessive hip flexion to clear plantar flexed foot