AAMC FL3 BB fully solved 2023 rated A+
Individual M has longer limbs and muscles than Individual N. Both individuals lift the same amount of weight from the ground to their shoulders an equal number of times. If all repetitions were completed in
synchrony, which statement about the amount of work completed by the individuals is true? At the end of the workout:
A.both individuals will have done the same amount of work because the force was applied for the same duration of time.
B.Individual M will have done less work because the object was moved a greater distance.
C.Individual N will have done less work because the object was moved a shorter distance.
D.Individual M will have done more work because the muscle contracted faster to achieve synchrony with Individual N.
passage: The length of a muscle fiber does not contribute to the force it generates. Length, however, is important in determining how much work the muscle can do. Assuming two muscles have the same CSA,
the longer muscle would perform more work because work is the product of force times the distance shortened. - correct answer C.Individual N will have done less work because the object was moved a shorter distance.
this is stated in the passage. Answer choice D is wrong because work is not dependent on speed. work= force x distance
What are the relative potentials for force and power generation by a slow-twitch muscle fiber and a fast-
twitch muscle fiber of the same diameter? A.The slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers possess the same potentials for force and power generation.
B.The slow-twitch fiber is capable of generating more force than the fast-twitch fiber, while the potential for power generation is the same.
C.The fast-twitch fiber is capable of generating more power than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for force generation is the same.
D.The fast-twitch fiber is capable of generating more force than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for power generation is the same.
passage: certain types of exercise can increase fiber diameter (hypertrophy). This effect is largely limited to fast-twitch fibers. When these fibers are stimulated by anaerobic exercise such as weight lifting or sprinting, the size of myofibrils is increased via enhanced synthesis of contractile proteins. As a result, the fibers exhibit greater contractile strength and, because their fibers hydrolyze ATP at a greater rate, increased power. Fast-twitch fiber metabolism is largely limited to glycolytic pathways. Slow-twitch fibers
do not undergo hypertrophy in response to anaerobic exercise. These endurance fibers are adapted for aerobic exercises such as long distance running and cycling and respond with increased oxidative capacity for ATP production. - correct answer C.The fast-twitch fiber is capable of generating more power
than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for force generation is the same.
this is literally given to you in the passage :)
Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur in a muscle fiber that is metabolizing anaerobically?
A.Fermentation of glucose to lactic acid
B.Phosphorylation of ADP within the electron transport chain
C.Depletion of stores of glycogen
D.Acidification of the cytoplasm - correct answer electron transport chain will never occur during anaerobic metabolism. it needs oxygen! Assuming the duration of contraction is the same, which point on the power curve corresponds to the LEAST amount of work being done by the muscle?
A.Point A
B.Point B
C.Point C
D.Point D - correct answer for this question, we need to think about the work formula. work = force x distance. A has the lowest amount if force. We can also treat velocity on the y axis of the graph as distance as well because the units are meters/second.
According to the passage, relative to slow-twitch fibers, fast-twitch fibers are likely to exhibit which property?
A.Greater Ca2+-pumping capacity
B.Increased capillary density
C.More mitochondria
D.Higher levels of oxygen-binding proteins - correct answer You know from the passage that fast twice uses anaerobic exercise. this will immediately cross out d and c. capillary density would also be with slow
twitch fibers. A is the correct answer because ca2+ pumping capacity would increase because these muscles are faster.
Based on the information in the passage, what is the most likely mechanism of inheritance for HPRCC?
A.Autosomal dominant
B.Autosomal recessive
C.X-linked recessive
D.Y linked - correct answer C and D are out because there is nothing in the passage to indicate that they are sex linked genes. you read the pedigree wrong :(
Individual M has longer limbs and muscles than Individual N. Both individuals lift the same amount of weight from the ground to their shoulders an equal number of times. If all repetitions were completed in
synchrony, which statement about the amount of work completed by the individuals is true? At the end of the workout:
A.both individuals will have done the same amount of work because the force was applied for the same duration of time.
B.Individual M will have done less work because the object was moved a greater distance.
C.Individual N will have done less work because the object was moved a shorter distance.
D.Individual M will have done more work because the muscle contracted faster to achieve synchrony with Individual N.
passage: The length of a muscle fiber does not contribute to the force it generates. Length, however, is important in determining how much work the muscle can do. Assuming two muscles have the same CSA,
the longer muscle would perform more work because work is the product of force times the distance shortened. - correct answer C.Individual N will have done less work because the object was moved a shorter distance.
this is stated in the passage. Answer choice D is wrong because work is not dependent on speed. work= force x distance
What are the relative potentials for force and power generation by a slow-twitch muscle fiber and a fast-
twitch muscle fiber of the same diameter? A.The slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers possess the same potentials for force and power generation.
B.The slow-twitch fiber is capable of generating more force than the fast-twitch fiber, while the potential for power generation is the same.
C.The fast-twitch fiber is capable of generating more power than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for force generation is the same.
D.The fast-twitch fiber is capable of generating more force than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for power generation is the same.
passage: certain types of exercise can increase fiber diameter (hypertrophy). This effect is largely limited to fast-twitch fibers. When these fibers are stimulated by anaerobic exercise such as weight lifting or sprinting, the size of myofibrils is increased via enhanced synthesis of contractile proteins. As a result, the fibers exhibit greater contractile strength and, because their fibers hydrolyze ATP at a greater rate, increased power. Fast-twitch fiber metabolism is largely limited to glycolytic pathways. Slow-twitch fibers
do not undergo hypertrophy in response to anaerobic exercise. These endurance fibers are adapted for aerobic exercises such as long distance running and cycling and respond with increased oxidative capacity for ATP production. - correct answer C.The fast-twitch fiber is capable of generating more power
than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for force generation is the same.
this is literally given to you in the passage :)
Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur in a muscle fiber that is metabolizing anaerobically?
A.Fermentation of glucose to lactic acid
B.Phosphorylation of ADP within the electron transport chain
C.Depletion of stores of glycogen
D.Acidification of the cytoplasm - correct answer electron transport chain will never occur during anaerobic metabolism. it needs oxygen! Assuming the duration of contraction is the same, which point on the power curve corresponds to the LEAST amount of work being done by the muscle?
A.Point A
B.Point B
C.Point C
D.Point D - correct answer for this question, we need to think about the work formula. work = force x distance. A has the lowest amount if force. We can also treat velocity on the y axis of the graph as distance as well because the units are meters/second.
According to the passage, relative to slow-twitch fibers, fast-twitch fibers are likely to exhibit which property?
A.Greater Ca2+-pumping capacity
B.Increased capillary density
C.More mitochondria
D.Higher levels of oxygen-binding proteins - correct answer You know from the passage that fast twice uses anaerobic exercise. this will immediately cross out d and c. capillary density would also be with slow
twitch fibers. A is the correct answer because ca2+ pumping capacity would increase because these muscles are faster.
Based on the information in the passage, what is the most likely mechanism of inheritance for HPRCC?
A.Autosomal dominant
B.Autosomal recessive
C.X-linked recessive
D.Y linked - correct answer C and D are out because there is nothing in the passage to indicate that they are sex linked genes. you read the pedigree wrong :(
