NASM Personal Training Certification Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed

NASM Personal Training Certification Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Document Content and Description Below NASM Personal Training Certification Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Muscle imbalances Correct Answer-alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Obesity Correct Answer-The condition of being considerably overweight, and refers to a person with a body mass index of 30 or greater, or who is at least 30 pounds over his or her recommended weight What is the BMI of a typical obese individual? Correct Answer-30 or greater Refers to a person with a body mass index of 25-29.9 or who is between 25-30 pounds over the recommended weight Correct Answer-overweight These are also known as cholesterol and triglycerides and are carried in the bloodstream by protein molecules known as HDL and LDL Correct Answer-blood lipids chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fats and proteins Correct Answer-diabetes mellitus a state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability Correct Answer-deconditioned the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body positions and limb movement Correct Answer-proprioception an unstable physical situation in which exercises are performed that cause the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms (Examples include using stability balls and single-leg squats versus traditional) Correct Answer-proprioceptively enriched movementsmaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the three building blocks of training Correct Answer-phases of training a muscle's ability to contract for an extended period Correct Answer-muscular endurance the ability of the neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion Correct Answer-neuromuscular efficiency What is the first phase of training that should be completed before anything else to prevent injury and/or tension at the joints? Correct Answer-stabilization training the muscle that acts as the initial and main source of motive power Correct Answer-prime mover set of two exercises that are performed back-to-back without any rest time between them Correct Answer-superset What type of training should done by individuals with a goal of maximal muscle growth? Correct AnswerHypertrophy training ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time Correct Answer-rate of force production the combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems Correct Answer-human movement systems a conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body Correct Answer-nervous system the ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment Correct Answer-sensory functionthe ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response Correct Answer-integrative function the neuromuscular response to the sensory information Correct Answer-motor function the functional unit of the nervous system Correct Answer-neuron These neurons transmit nerve impulses from effector sites via receptors to the brain and spinal cord -- respond to touch, sound, light and other stimuli Correct Answer-sensory neurons transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another Correct Answer-interneurons transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites Correct Answer-motor neurons the portion of the nervous system the consists of the brain and spinal cord Correct Answer-central nervous system cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body Correct Answer-peripheral nervous system sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion and pressure in body tissues Correct Answermechanoreceptors receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change Correct Answer-muscle spindles receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change Correct Answer-golgi tendon organs receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and declaration of the joint Correct Answer-joint receptors the body's framework, composed of bones and joints Correct Answer-skeletal systemprovide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs Correct Answer-bones junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs Correct Answer-joints portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column Correct Answeraxial skeleton portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities Correct Answer-appendicular skeleton The "link" between the axial and appendicular skeletons Correct Answer-pelvic girdle the process of resorption and formation of bone Correct Answer-remodeling a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue Correct Answer-osteoclasts a type of cell that is responsible for bone formation Correct Answer-osteoblasts the end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production Correct Answer-epiphysis the shaft portion of a long bone Correct Answer-diaphysis the region of a long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis -- a layer of cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of the diaphysis occurs Correct Answer-epiphyseal plate a dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone Correct Answerperiosteum the central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored Correct Answer-medullar cavitycartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bone Correct Answer-articular cartilage flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites Correct Answerdepressions projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach Correct Answerprocesses a series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord Correct Answer-vertebral column 1st seven vertebrae starting at the top of the spinal column Correct Answer-cervical spine twelve vertebrae located in the upper/middle back behind the ribs Correct Answer-thoracic spine five vertebrae of the low back below the thoracic spine Correct Answer-lumbar spine triangular bone located below the lumbar spine Correct Answer-sacrum located below the sacrum, more commonly known as the tailbone Correct Answer-coccyx more specific term for joint motion Correct Answer-anthrokinematics joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body Correct Answer-synovial joints this joint is a non-axial joint and is the simplest moving of all joints Correct Answer-gliding joint these joints because the condyle of one bone fits into the cavity of another bone to form the joint Correct Answer-condyloid joints uniaxial joint allowing movement predominantly in only the sagittal plane Correct Answer-hinge jointthis joint is only found in the carpometacarpal joint in the thumb, allowing movement in two planes of motion Correct Answer-saddle joint these joints are found in the atlantoaxiao joint at the base of the skull and the radioulnar joint of the elbow, allowing movement in one plane of motion Correct Answer-pivot joints these are the most mobile of all joints, allowing movement in all three planes Correct Answer-ball-andsocket joints joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage Correct Answer-Nonsynovial joint primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement Correct Answer-ligament What is the best type of exercise for bone strength and health? Correct Answer-weight-bearing exercise series of muscles that moves the skeleton Correct Answer-muscular system a layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle Correct Answer-epimysium the connective tissue that surrounds fascicles Correct Answer-perimysium the deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers Correct Answerendomysium connective tissue that attach muscle to bone and provide as an anchor for muscles to produce force Correct Answer-tendons the functional unit of a muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin Correct Answer-sarcomerethe contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation Correct Answer-neural activation a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it activates Correct Answer-motor unit chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction the transmit impulses from nerve to muscle Correct Answer-neurotransmitters Type 1 muscle fibers, also known as _________________ muscle fibers have a high oxidative capacity and don't fatigue as easily Correct Answer-slow-twitch Type 2 muscle fibers, also known as _________________ muscle fibers have a low oxidative capacity and fatigue easily Correct Answer-fast-twitch these hormones help prepare the body for activity and are participants in the "fight or flight" reflex Correct Answer-catecholamines in both men and women, this hormone plays a major role in the growth and repair of tissue Correct Answer-testosterone this hormone is referred to as a catabolic hormone and is associated with tissue breakdown Correct Answer-cortisol this hormone is primarily an anabolic hormone that is responsible for most growth and development during childhood up until puberty Correct Answer-growth hormones these hormones or responsible for carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism Correct Answer-thyroid hormones a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction Correct Answer-heartthe space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs Correct Answer-mediastinum a specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; aka the "pacemaker" of the heart Correct Answer-SA Node a small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the tight atrium of the heart, that receives the heartbeat impulses from the SA node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles Correct Answer-AV Node the superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forced it into the ventricles Correct Answer-Atrium The inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the corresponding atrium, in turn, forces blood into the arteries Correct Answer-Ventricle The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction Correct Answer-Stroke Volume the rate at which the heart pumps Correct Answer-heart rate heart rate x stroke volume; the overall performance of the heart Correct Answer-cardiac output network of hollow tubes that circulate blood through the body Correct Answer-blood vessels vessels that transport blood away from the heart Correct Answer-arteries the smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and tissues Correct Answer-capillaries vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart Correct Answer-veins small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries Correct Answer-arteriolesthe very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins Correct Answer-venules a system of organs that collects oxygen form the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream Correct Answer-respiratory system skeletal structues and soft tissues that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration Correct Answer-respiratory pump the process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body Correct Answerinspiration the process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body Correct Answer-expiration the process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body Correct Answer-diffusion the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion Correct AnswerMaximal Oxygen Consumption ; VO2 max the study of energy in the human body Correct Answer-bioenergetics all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself -- process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used and disposed of the body Correct Answer-metabolism the examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise Correct Answer-exercise metabolism the material or substance on which an enzyme acts Correct Answer-substrates organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which are an important source of energy Correct Answer-carbohydratesa simple sugar manufactures by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein Correct Answer-glucose the complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. Correct Answer-Glycogen the chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body Correct Answertriglycerides amino acids linked by peptide bongs, which consists of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and usually sulfur Correct Answer-protein the formation of glucose from non-carb sources such as amino acids Correct Answer-gluneogenesis energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of body Correct Answer-adenosine triphosphate a high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed Correct Answer-adenosine diphosphate the breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids to convert FFas into acetlyCoA molecules, which then enter the Kreb's cycle and help to make more ATP Correct Answer-B-oxidation the state of which the body's metabolism is elevated after exercise Correct Answer-EPOC the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces Correct Answer-biomech