Certified Arborist Final Exam 2023 Questions and Answers

Leaves - ANSWER The "food factories" of trees are: Photosynthesis - ANSWER This process combines Co2 and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars: Transpiration - ANSWER The loss of water vapor from the leaves is called: Stomata - ANSWER Small pores, between guard cells on the undersides of leaves and green plant parts, through which gases are exchanged and water loss is regulated. Xylem - ANSWER Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in this tissue: Phloem - ANSWER This tissue conducts carbohydrates: Compartmentalization Of Decay In Trees - ANSWER CODIT stands for: Wall 1 - ANSWER Vertical spread of decay is resisted by this wall, plugging xylem vessels: Wall 3 - ANSWER Lateral spread of decay is inhibited by this wall, activating ray cells: Wall 4 - ANSWER This wall is formed by new wood tissue and is the strongest: Wall 2 - ANSWER Inward spread of decay is inhibited by this wall: Buckeye, Horsechestnut - ANSWER Name a palmately compound leaf species: 1 - ANSWER A compound leaf with multiple leaflets will have how many buds? Acer - ANSWER In the scientific name Acer saccharinum, which is the genus? Beech Family - ANSWER Fagaceae is what? Oaks, Magnolia - ANSWER Name a tree species with an alternate leaf arrangement: True - ANSWER True/False: Soil can hold water so tightly that the ability of tree roots to absorb the water is restricted: Acidic - ANSWER On the pH scale, less than 7 is: Alkaline - ANSWER Iron and Manganese may be in a chemical form that is unavailable to trees if the soil is: Alkaline - ANSWER On the pH scale, more than 7 is: Cation Exchange Capacity - ANSWER CEC stands for: False - ANSWER True/False: Most soil organisms cause disease or decay in tree roots: False - ANSWER True/False: It is better to water shallow and more frequently: Antitranspirants - ANSWER These are materials sprayed on plants to reduce water loss through transpiration: Evapotranspiration - ANSWER This is the measure of the rate of water use by plants and evaporation from soil: Early morning, late evening - ANSWER These two times of day are the most beneficial to water plants: True - ANSWER True/False: Soil surfaces can be compacted by irrigation hitting it: 2.5 - ANSWER A 50-pound bag of 20-10-5 fertilizer contains how many pounds of Potassium? Slow-release - ANSWER These types of fertilizers are released over a long period of time: Chlorosis - ANSWER Yellowing between the leaf veins is called: They must be dissolved in water - ANSWER Trees take up essential elements through the roots but under what condition? Injecting below the absorbing roots - ANSWER This is a common issue with deep root fertilization: Wilting, marginal burning, dieback - ANSWER Fertilizer salts can cause these symptoms: Defense - ANSWER Nitrogen fertilization can cause a tree to allocate too many resources toward growth, compromising this mechanism: pH and salt - ANSWER What are the two most important levels to measure in a soil sample? Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - ANSWER A complete fertilizer is made up of: Micronutrients - ANSWER Copper, chlorine and boron are considered: Hardiness - ANSWER The ability of a plant to withstand low temperatures and winter stresses is: Bark texture, flowers, fruit, smell, color - ANSWER Name aesthetic plant characteristics: Growth habits - ANSWER Upright, pyramidal and weeping are examples of: Roots, shape, branch structure, no scarring, pests/diseases - ANSWER What 5 characteristics are you looking for when selecting a tree in a nursery: Upright - ANSWER Fastigiate trees have this growth habit: Bare root, B&B, container grown, containerized - ANSWER Trees are available from nurseries in which planting forms: Early spring, fall - ANSWER In temperate climates, when should you plant trees: True - ANSWER True/False: Research shows that soil amendments generally do not assist the tree in establishment and growth: 90% - ANSWER Digging a tree for transplanting can remove how much root percentage? False - ANSWER True/False: The planting hole should be deeper than the root ball: Root pruning - ANSWER Pre-digging to create a more densely root ball is referred to as: Dormancy, before buds begin to swell - ANSWER Bare-root trees should be planted when? Girdling - ANSWER These type of roots can constrict the vascular system in the trunk or in other roots: Water stress - ANSWER Transplant shock is mainly due to: Water - ANSWER What is the most important factor in the survival of new planted trees? CONTACT VIA or True - ANSWER True/False: The material used to attach the tree to the stake should be broad, smooth and flexible: True - ANSWER True/False: It is not always necessary to stake or guy newly planted trees: False - ANSWER True/False: Trees that tend to "bleed" should never be pruned in the early spring because doing so is likely to cause a major decline in vigor: Included Bark - ANSWER This defect is caused by bark that gets pushed inside the branch union as two branches grow and develop: Branch collar - ANSWER The lower part of the branch attachment is called: Subordination - ANSWER This type of pruning cut is used to establish a single central leader or to remove competing leaders: False - ANSWER True/False: Mature trees are tolerant of severe pruning: Removal of inner laterals and foliage along a scaffold - ANSWER Lion-tailing is the effect of what: To develop trunk taper - ANSWER Why are temporary lower branches left on a young tree? True - ANSWER True/False: The relative size of a branch in relation to the trunk is more important for strength of branch attachment than is the angle of attachment: Reduction - ANSWER This type of cut is used to remove limbs back to laterals that are large enough to sustain the remaining branch and assume the terminal role: Plant growth regulators (anti-gibberillins) - ANSWER These types of chemicals are used to enhance or alter the growth and development of plants: Included bark, excessive branch weight, codominant stems - ANSWER Cabling helps support which defects? Dead-end grips - ANSWER EHS cable should be attached to hardware using: Thimble - ANSWER This piece of hardware reduces abrasion of a cable: Lag-threaded, machine-threaded - ANSWER What are the two types of rods used in bracing? Dynamic - ANSWER This type of support system is adjustable: False - ANSWER True/False: You can install J-hooks in decay: Static - ANSWER This type of support system is non-adjustable: 1 cable per hardware, distance between hardware should be a minimum of the diameter of the stem, staggered braces - ANSWER When installing 2 cables or braces on the same branch or stem, which precautions should be taken? Copper - ANSWER The conducting cable in a lightning protection system is made of: High value tree, historic tree, close to house - ANSWER Why are lightning protection systems installed? False - ANSWER True/False: Homeowners are always accurate when discussing a tree's past history: Abiotic - ANSWER What types of disorders are girdling roots, nutrient deficiencies and leaf scorch? Lawnmower, weed-eater, construction - ANSWER What are some types of mechanical injury to trees?