Advanced - Dysrhythmias Questions & Answers 2023 ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED)

A d v a n c e d
-
D y s r h y t h m i a s
Excitability
-
ANS
the
ability
of
non-pacemaker
heart
cells
to
respond
to
an
electrical
impulse
that
begins
in
pacemaker
cells.
Depolarization
-
ANS
occurs
when
the
normally
negatively
charged
cells
within
the
heart
muscle
develop
a
positive
charge.
Conductivity
-
ANS
the
ability
to
send
an
electrical
stimulus
from
cell
membrane
to
cell
membrane.
As
a
result,
excitable
cells
depolarize
in
rapid
succession
from
cell
to
cell
until
all
cells
have
depolarized.
Ex:
the
wave
of
depolarization
causes
the
deflections
in
the
ECG
waveforms
that
are
recognized
as
the
P
wave
and
QRS
complex.
Contractility
-
ANS
the
ability
of
atrial
and
ventricular
muscle
cells
to
shorten
their
fiber
length
in
response
to
electrical
stimulation,
causing
suf ficient
pressure
to
push
blood
forward
through
the
heart.
In
other
words,
this
is
the
mechanical
activity
of
the
heart.
A V
Node
-
ANS
where
impulses
slow
down
or
are
delayed
before
proceeding
to
the
ventricles.
This
delay
is
reflected
in
the
PR
segment
on
the
ECG.
This
slow
conduction
provides
a
short
delay ,
allowing
the
atria
to
contract
and
the
ventricles
to
fill.
SA
Node
-
ANS
the
heart's
primary
pacemaker .
It
can
spontaneously
and
rhythmically
generate
electrical
impulses
at
a
rate
of
60-100
beats
per
min
and
therefore
has
the
greatest
degree
of
automaticity .
Purkinje
Cells
-
ANS
composed
of
the
bundle
of
HIS,
bundle
branches,
and
these
fibers.
Responsible
for
the
rapid
conduction
of
electrical
impulses
throughout
the
ventricles,
leading
to
ventricular
depolarization
and
the
subsequent
ventricular
muscle
contraction.
Semi-Reclined
-
ANS
While
obtaining
a
12-lead
ECG,
remind
the
patient
be
as
as
still
as
possible
in
a
________________________
position,
breathing
normally . Clea,
Dry ,
Moist
-
ANS
For
continous
ECG
monitoring,
be
sure
to
__________________
skin
and
clip
hairs/shave.
Ensure
that
the
electrode
placement
is
_____________
and
the
gel
on
each
electrode
is
______________
and
fresh.
P
W ave
-
ANS
a
deflection
on
an
ECG
representing
atrial
depolarization.
When
the
electrical
impulse
is
consistently
generated
form
the
SA
node,
this
wave
has
a
consistent
shape
in
a
given
lead.
If
an
impulse
is
then
generated
from
a
dif ferent
(ectopic)
focus,
such
as
atrial
tissue,
the
shape
of
this
wave
changes
in
the
lead,
indicating
that
an
ectopic
focus
has
fired.
PR
Segment
-
ANS
the
isoelectric
line
from
the
end
of
the
P
wave
to
the
beginning
of
the
QRS
complex,
when
the
electrical
impulse
is
traveling
through
the
A V
node,
where
it
is
delayed.
PR
Interval
-
ANS
measured
form
the
beginning
of
the
P
wave
to
the
end
of
the
PR
segment.
Represents
the
time
required
for
atrial
depolarization,
the
impulse
delay
in
the
A V
node,
and
the
travel
time
to
the
Purkinje
files.
Normally
measures
from
0.12-0.20
seconds
(five
small
blocks).
QRS
Complex
-
ANS
represents
ventricular
depolarization
on
ECG
lead.
ST
Segment
-
ANS
an
isoelectric
line
and
represents
early
ventricular
repolarization.
Changes
may
be
a
result
of
myocardial
injury ,
ischemia,
infarction,
conduction
abnormalities
or
medications.
T
wave
-
ANS
ventricular
repolarization,
usually
positive,
rounded,
and
slightly
asymmetric.
May
change
as
a
result
of
myocardial
ischemia,
potassium/calcium
imbalances,
medications,
or
ANS
ef fects.
U
wave
-
ANS
if
this
is
present,
it
follows
the
T
wave
a
may
result
from
slow
depolarization
of
ventricular
Purkinje
fibers.
An
abnormal
U
wave
may
suggest
an
electrolyte
abnormality
(Hypokalemia).
QT
Interval
-
ANS
represent
the
total
time
required
for
ventricular
depolarization
and
depolarization.
Measured
from
the
beginning
of
the
Q
wave
to
the
end
of
the
T
wave.
V aries
with
the
patient's
age
and
gender
and
changes
with
the
heart
rate,
lengthening
with
slower
heart
rates
and
shortening
with
faster
rates.
Artifact
-
ANS
an
interference
seen
on
the
monitor
or
rhythm
strip,
which
may
look
like
a
wandering
or
fuzzy
baseline.
It
can
be
caused
by
patient
movements,
loose
or