N1 exam 1 reviewer

Physiologic needs—for oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and rest—must be met at least minimally to maintain life. • Nurses evaluate patients’ oxygen needs by assessing skin color, vital signs, anxiety levels, responses to activity, restlessness, and mental responsiveness. • Dehydration results from conditions such as severe diarrhea or vomiting, whereas edema is caused by diseases of the cardiovascular or renal system, trauma, and other factors. • Measuring intake and output, testing the resiliency of the skin, checking the condition of the skin and mucous membranes, and weighing the patient help assess a patient’s water balance. Safety and security needs • Physical safety and security means being protected from potential or actual harm. • Emotional safety and security involve trusting others and being free of fear, anxiety, and apprehension. Love and belonging needs include the understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love, and the feeling of belonging to groups such as families, peers, friends, a neighborhood, and a community. Nursing intervention for Love and belonging: • Including family and friends in the care of the patient • Establishing a nurse–patient relationship based on mutual understanding and trust (by demonstrating care, encouraging communication, and respecting privacy) • Referring patients to specific support groups (such as a cancer support group or Alcoholics Anonymous)