Schizophrenia AQA A level Psychology Questions and Answers Already Passed

Schizophrenia AQA A level Psychology Questions and Answers Already Passed Schizophrenia A severe mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired and example of psychosis classification of mental disorder The process of organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms cluster together in sufferers more commonly diagnosed in men than women two major systems for the classification of mental disorder - World Health Organisations International Classification of Disease edition 10 (ICD-10) - American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual edition (DSM-5) How many symptoms must be present? (ICD-10) Two or more negative symptoms How many symptoms must be present? (DSM-5) One positive symptom positive symptoms of schizophrenia atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences - include hallucinations and delusions hallucinations a positive symptom of schizophrenia. They are the sensory experiences of stimuli that either have no basis in reality or are distorted perceptions of things in nature delusions a positive symptom of schizophrenia. They involve the beliefs that have no basis in reality negative symptoms of schizophrenia Atypical experiences that represent the loss of a usual experience such as clear thinking or 'normal' levels of motivation speech poverty a negative symptoms off schizophrenia which involves the reduced frequency and quality of speech speech disorganisation Speech becomes incoherent or the speaker changes topic mid sentence avolition a negative symptom of schizophrenia which involves the loss of motivation to carry out tasks and results in lowered activity levels positive symptoms examples - Hallucinations - Delusions - Speech disorganisation Negative symptoms examples - Avolition - Speech poverty Evaluation points for classification of schizophrenia - Reliability - Validity - Co morbidity - Symptom overlap - Gender bias - cultural bias Co morbidity the occurrence of two illnesses or conditions together. Where two conditions are frequently diagnosed together it calls into question the validity of classifying the two disorders separately Symptom overlap Occurs when two or more conditions share the same symptoms. Where conditions share many symptoms this calls to question the validity of classifying the two disorders separately Reliability (A03 classification of schizophrenia) Realiability means consistency - inter rate reliability used to measure extent to which two different assessors agree on assessments. - the case of a diagnosis this edna the extent rio which two or more mental health professionals arrive at the same diagnosis for the same patients - Ellie Chenaux et al had two psychiatrists independently diagnose 100 patients using DSM and ICD - inter rater reliability as poor - v 1. 26 (DSM) 2. 44 (DMS) 1. 14 (DSM) 2. 24