WI Pesticide Applicator Test With Verified Answers

What are examples of plant diseases? - Answer Fungi,Oomycetes,Bacteria,Viroids, Oomycetes can be describe as - Answer Water Molds prerequisites for a plant disease - Answer population, Host, ideal environment, time, Largest Group of plant diseases - Answer Fungi A Chemical Formulation capable of causing injury to plants - Answer Phytotoxic Reasons to consider treating an infected area with pesticides - Answer When other prsctices don't work,high value,quality reduced,sudden breakout What is abiotic - Answer Non-living (example wind damage) What is biotic? - Answer living (Example Fungi) T or F Should you avoid driving through field when foliage is wet, to prevent diseases. - Answer T What is a Pest - Answer any organism that competes with people for food, fiber or space, or presents a health risk to people or domestic animals What is an Arthropod - Answer Arthropods are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, like insects and arachnids What type of damages do arthropods cause - Answer Chewing on leaves, Tunneling in roots, Sucking on plant, cause galls, Inject toxins, transmit diseases, feed on livestock Difference between insects and arachnids - Answer Insects have 3 pairs of legs, wings and antennae 3 regions of the body head, thorax and abdomen. While arachnids have 4 pairs of legs, not wing and no antennae 2 regions head and thorax. What is the difference between simple metamorphosis and complete metamorphosis - Answer Simple Metamoph. is 3 stages egg, nymph, and adult. gradual change. Complex Metamorph. 4 distinct stages egg, larva, pupa, and adult How dose Temp. and Humidity effect insect development. - Answer Higher temp and humidity is typically better for insects. Temp above threshold will increase reproduction and humidity will decrease stress. Corn ear worm properties - Answer can vary in color grow 1 inch 1/2 long Advantages of using insecticides - Answer effective against thousands of insects, they act quickly, effectiveness can be evaluated quickly, equipment and formulations are common disadvantages of insecticides - Answer the wide range can kill beneficial insects, reapeated use can lead to resistance, added cost of production, potential for drift to areas with benifical insects Describe ways insecticides are used - Answer Seed Treatment, Soil Application (in Furrow), foliar application to leaves or fruit. Define weed - Answer Unwanted Plants, we consider all plants except the crop to be a weed. Two Main Goals of weed management. - Answer Minimize weed competition, and yield loss. Other main goal is to limit a weeds reproductions to reduce weed population in future years. Describe ways weeds can pose problems in crop production - Answer Compete with crops, Reduce crop quality, interfere with production, produce chemical inhibitors, Irritate or poison, support insects and diseases, What is a grass - Answer monocots ( corn) what is a broadleaf - Answer Dicots ( soybeans) Ways to distinguish a grass. - Answer one cotyledon (seed leaf) growing point is at or below soil surface, fibrous root system, Parallel vein pattern on leaves. Ways to distinguish a broadleaf. - Answer Two leaves(cotyledons) when they emerge, often looking like the true leaves. growing point at tip of shoot above ground, taproot system, Net like vein pattern on leaves. What is an annual plant. - Answer live less than 12 months and produce and abundance to seeds for next year. What is a summer annual - Answer Germinate from seed in spring flower and produce seed during sumer and then die in the fall/ winter . what is a winter annual. - Answer germinate from seed in fall, over winter as low growing plants, flower and produce seed next spring and then die. what is a Biennial - Answer a plant that lives for two growing seasons, it germinate from seed in spring or summer, over winter in the rosette stage, and then the following year flower, seed and then die. what is a Perennial - Answer a plant that lives for at least 2 or more years and can reproduce via seed alone or may also spread by vegetative growth How to kill Biennials and anuannal weeds - Answer you must kill the whole shoot, if the shoot is cut of with tillage or killed with herbicides it will not grow back from roots How to kill perennial weeds - Answer destroy underground vegetative structure, by reputably tilling or using herbicides that translocate and destroy the complete vegetative system. describe preplant application - Answer before the crop is planted Describe Preemergence application - Answer applied before the crops and/or weeds emerge, tyipicaly after planting but not always. ( just before emergence) Postemergence application - Answer application after crop/weeds have emerged. What effects dose soil texture, organic matter and ph have on herbicides. - Answer different rates for fine(Clay) vs Coarse(Sand) soils. typically higher rates for fine soils because it bines to soil instead of target weed. same applies for organic Matter, More leaching in coarse soils, Valorization and erosion are also factors Why must you apply postemergence herbicides at proper stages? - Answer read label for optimum growth stage to control weed, also keep in mind the pre harvest intervals What influences the uptake of postemergence herbicides - Answer rain free period after application, for uptake. Also leaf type will impact uptake for example hair leaves better, waxy leaves worse. Adjuvants will help with this Concerns with antagonistic tank mixture - Answer a mix where herbicides may reduce the others effectiveness, where rates may need to change, or apply at difrent times Concerns with herbicide and insecticide interaction - Answer Check label some insecticides may weaken crop which may cause herbicide to injure the desired crop. Know the LAW (controlling weeds) - Answer State and local laws require you to control certain weeds to prevent their spread, to protect our feed and seed. Define Pesticide - Answer is any substance used to directly control pest populations or to prevent or reduce pest damage. Describe the different pesticides and what they kill - Answer Avicide-Birds, Fungicide- Fungi, Herbicide- Weeds, Insecticide- Insects, Pisicide- Fish, Rodenticide-Rodents, Nematicides-nematodes What is an organic pesticide - Answer pesticide that contains carbon, not man made What is an inorganic Pesticide - Answer A pesticide that doesn't contain carbon and is usually toxic, man made (synthetic) What is a Microbial Pesticide - Answer These are bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, or other living organisms that can cause diseases in given species of pest. What is Selectivity referring to in pesticides - Answer how broad or narrow the range of pest the chemical will kill. Broad kills a large range of pest, Narrow will kill a very specific pest family with a specific way of doing so What is Persistence referring to in pesticides - Answer how long the pesticide remains to control pest(aka residual) Some pesticides have long residual effects for weeks ,months, even years. Some are short term and breakdown immediately and become nontoxic Describe how pesticides are named - Answer Trade Name- Big Bold Name(Brand) Common Name- Easy to use and see can be a name for active ingredient, Chemical Name- All the scientific active ingredient names, hard to use and see What are inorganic Insecticides used for - Answer they are primarily used for weak, young, pregnant, stressed insects that are easily killed. What are IGRs - Answer Insect growth Regulator, a type of insect hormone that disrupts the growth of insects What are Acaricides and Miticides, - Answer Spider and Mite pesticide What steps are necessary for a herbicide to kill a plant. - Answer it must be absorbed through leaves, stems, or roots if necessary it must translocate to the sensitive part of the plant Block an important process for the plant( Photosynthesis) What is a Protectant Fungicide and how is it used. - Answer applied before the deasiese develops What is a Post Infection Fungicide and how is it used - Answer after fungi has become established Define Formulation - Answer A mixture of active and inert ingredients used to improve the useful ness of the product What may a formulation consist of - Answer Active ingredient to control pest a Carrier such as clay Ingredients that help the pesticide be more effective like stickers and spreaders stabilizers, dyes, etc. to improve storage or use Study Formulations Table - Answer study it from chapter 5 What are the precautions and concerns when using adjuvants - Answer best type of adjuvant depends on pesticide, crop, pest and environmental conditions. read label. Misuse can lead to crop damage, compatibility problems, or reduced pest control. What is an adjuvant - Answer is a chemical added to pesticide or spray tank to modify chemicals physical properties and/or enhance pesticide performance. EC Stands for - Answer Emulsifiable Concentrates What dose WP Stand for - Answer Wettable Powder What dose F or AF Stand For - Answer Flowables