NU 189 Med Surg 2 - Exam 1 Study Guide
Rehabilitation concepts (purpose)
❖Focusing on ADLS and mobility
❖Getting the pt back to the best quality of life and as independent as possible.
❖If a pt requires hourly neuro checks, bp, I and O it is acute care not rehab.
Immobility/Fracture
❖Complications ➢DVT
■Ted hose
■ROM exercises
■Low dose enoxaparin/lovenox
■heparin-PTT
■Warfarin- INR
■Strict bed rest- clot can come loose it not
■Can develop into Pulmonary Embolism- treated with IV heparin, after therapeutic for 24 hours then they can get out of bed
➢Pneumonia
➢Renal issues
■Keep pt hydrated, check BUN and creatinine, check I and o
➢Bleeding
Lyme disease
❖Systemic infection from tick bites
❖Begins with flu like symptoms
❖Bulls eye rash, joint pain, stiffness
❖Can be treated early with antibiotics
❖Life long problems can occur if not treated
Osteoarthritis-
❖Progressive degeneration of the protective cartilage cushion on the end of the bones resulting in bone on bone rubbing. Massive pain
❖Causes and risk factors
➢Obese- loose weight if possible
➢Smoking
➢Repetitive stress on the joints
❖Pharmacology
➢NSAIDS
➢Steroids
➢Glucosamine ❖S/S
➢Crepitus
➢Pain
■With activity
■Relief with rest
➢Affects one joint-long bones
➢Node formation
❖Total knee arthroplasty
❖Postop
➢Never place a pillow under operative knee
➢Early weight bearing and flexing every hour
❖Clot prevention
➢Heparin and warfarin
Rheumatoid arthritis-
❖Synovial fluid in the joints, systemic and bilateral in the joints
❖Heat or cold application can help with pain.
➢Always have to have a barrier.
➢Not plastic but cloth.
➢15 on and 15 off.
➢Never sleep with.
➢Dont use with people who are immobile or have neuropathy
❖Slip on clothes, no buttons or ties.
Osteoporosis
❖Fragile and porous bones. Loss in bone mass resulting in low bone density and very brittle bones.
❖Osteopenia- loss of bone mass and weaker bones
❖Osteomalacia- softening of bones caused by vit D deficiency
❖Causes
➢Female-older age
➢Excess caffeine
➢smoking/alcohol
➢Poor nutrition
➢Sedentary lifestyle
➢Postmenopausal women
➢Fair skin-vitamin D
❖S/S
➢Porous bones in the osteoporosis
Rehabilitation concepts (purpose)
❖Focusing on ADLS and mobility
❖Getting the pt back to the best quality of life and as independent as possible.
❖If a pt requires hourly neuro checks, bp, I and O it is acute care not rehab.
Immobility/Fracture
❖Complications ➢DVT
■Ted hose
■ROM exercises
■Low dose enoxaparin/lovenox
■heparin-PTT
■Warfarin- INR
■Strict bed rest- clot can come loose it not
■Can develop into Pulmonary Embolism- treated with IV heparin, after therapeutic for 24 hours then they can get out of bed
➢Pneumonia
➢Renal issues
■Keep pt hydrated, check BUN and creatinine, check I and o
➢Bleeding
Lyme disease
❖Systemic infection from tick bites
❖Begins with flu like symptoms
❖Bulls eye rash, joint pain, stiffness
❖Can be treated early with antibiotics
❖Life long problems can occur if not treated
Osteoarthritis-
❖Progressive degeneration of the protective cartilage cushion on the end of the bones resulting in bone on bone rubbing. Massive pain
❖Causes and risk factors
➢Obese- loose weight if possible
➢Smoking
➢Repetitive stress on the joints
❖Pharmacology
➢NSAIDS
➢Steroids
➢Glucosamine ❖S/S
➢Crepitus
➢Pain
■With activity
■Relief with rest
➢Affects one joint-long bones
➢Node formation
❖Total knee arthroplasty
❖Postop
➢Never place a pillow under operative knee
➢Early weight bearing and flexing every hour
❖Clot prevention
➢Heparin and warfarin
Rheumatoid arthritis-
❖Synovial fluid in the joints, systemic and bilateral in the joints
❖Heat or cold application can help with pain.
➢Always have to have a barrier.
➢Not plastic but cloth.
➢15 on and 15 off.
➢Never sleep with.
➢Dont use with people who are immobile or have neuropathy
❖Slip on clothes, no buttons or ties.
Osteoporosis
❖Fragile and porous bones. Loss in bone mass resulting in low bone density and very brittle bones.
❖Osteopenia- loss of bone mass and weaker bones
❖Osteomalacia- softening of bones caused by vit D deficiency
❖Causes
➢Female-older age
➢Excess caffeine
➢smoking/alcohol
➢Poor nutrition
➢Sedentary lifestyle
➢Postmenopausal women
➢Fair skin-vitamin D
❖S/S
➢Porous bones in the osteoporosis
