NR-503 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide (Chapter 2 – 20). 100% Correct Questions & Answers Grade A+

NR-503 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide (Chapter 2 – 20). 100% Correct Questions & Answers Grade A+ 28 A new drug treatment for cardiac thrombus claims to have a higher success rate than the current drug. A strong sign of the potential success is the lack of internal hemorrhaging starting 2 days after treatment. 168 patients who require treatment for cardiac thrombi are r&omized after agreeing to participate in a trial of the new drug. The researchers were interested in whether the new drug reduced the need for blood transfusions due to internal hemorrhage compared to the current treatment. The following table summarizes the results of her study: What is the main advantage of the r&omization of the 168 study participants to one of the two drug treatment groups? Reduces the potential for selection bias in allocation of treatment group A new drug treatment for cardiac thrombus claims to have a higher success rate than the current drug. A strong sign of the potential success is the lack of internal hemorrhaging starting 2 days after treatment. 168 patients who require treatment for cardiac thrombi are r&omized after agreeing to participate in a trial of the new drug. The researchers were interested in whether the new drug reduced the need for blood transfusions due to internal hemorrhage compared to the current treatment. The following table summarizes the results of her study: The researchers interpret the findings to conclude that the new drug treatment is more likely to result in a blood transfusion & subsequent death. This statement is: Correct A r&omized, double-blind clinical trial of a varicella vaccine observed an estimated incidence of 25% chickenpox episodes in persons receiving the vaccine, compared to 80% among persons receiving a placebo. The estimated efficacy of the vaccine is: 68.8% A multicenter double-blind r&omized study was carried out to compare the effect of drug X with that of a placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Treatment with the drug started 7 days after infarction in 1,884 patients, 52% of all persons who were evaluated for entry into the study. 945 participants were r&omized to treatment with drug X while 939 were assigned to the placebo group. Patients were then followed for 12 months for reinfarction. There were 152 deaths in the placebo group & 98 in the group receiving drug X. After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who had a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, & those with a first AMI who were at low risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes the study design? R&omized clinical trial with stratified r&omization A multicenter double-blind r&omized study was carried out to compare the effect of drug X with that of a placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Treatment with the drug started 7 days after infarction in 1,884 patients, 52% of all persons who were evaluated for entry into the study. 945 participants were r&omized to treatment with drug X while 939 were assigned to the placebo group. Patients were then followed for 12 months for reinfarction. There were 152 deaths in the placebo group & 98 in the group receiving drug X. After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men, while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to be true? R&omization was successful since the investigators did not alter the selection of participants in either group in order to ensure equal percentages of men A multicenter double-blind r&omized study was carried out to compare the effect of drug X with that of a placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Treatment with the drug started 7 days after infarction in 1,884 patients, 52% of all persons who were evaluated for entry into the study. 945 participants were r&omized to treatment with drug X while 939 were assigned to the placebo group. Patients were then followed for 12 months for reinfarction. There were 152 deaths in the placebo group & 98 in the group receiving drug X. A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months & found that 87% of participants in the placebo group & 85% of those in the drug X group had taken more than 90% of their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this finding? The characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the treatment dosages should be assessed as they may differ from those who complied A multicenter double-blind r&omized study was carried out to compare the effect of drug X with that of a placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Treatment with the drug started 7 days after infarction in 1,884 patients, 52% of all persons who were evaluated for entry into the study. 945 participants were r&omized to treatment with drug X while 939 were assigned to the placebo group. Patients were then followed for 12 months for reinfarction. There were 152 deaths in the placebo group & 98 in the group receiving drug X. Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study as a double blind trial? Double blinding ensures that potential biases regarding selection, follow-up, & analysis can be reduced