NCC C-EFM CERT. exam 2023 with 100% correct answers

fetoscope! listens to how the valves of the heart close - Fetoscope is the only true auscultation tool. Doppler picks up heart motion. Fetoscope listens to the valves closing. what is the ONLY true auscultation method? - easy - less charting - lower c/s rates - allows patient movement - non-invasive - cheaper benefits of fetoscope/auscultation? - requires 1-to-1 nursing care - can't assess variability - maternal habitus can cause an issue - anterior placenta - high BMI - firm uterus limitations of fetoscope/auscultation? includes ALL of the following: - normal FHR baseline b/w 110-160 - regular rhythm - presence OR absence o/f FHR increases or accels from the baseline rate - absence of FHR decreases or decels from baseline category I FHR criteria? include ANY of the following: - irregular rhythm - presence of FHR decreases or decels from baseline - tachycardia (baseline 160 for 10 min) - bradycardia (baseline 110 for 10 min) category II FHR criteria? - Used to detect fetal heart motion from sound waves that are then transmitted to a computer to produce the audible sound and visual tracing - Second generation monitors use technology that autocorrelates the waveforms that are received and creating the smoothing of the waveforms. This is why we don't have short term vs long term variability anymore. how does the ultrasound work? - permanent record - central monitoring (every nurse can see it) - non-invasive - doesn't require ROM benefits of US? - habitus/large BMI - restrictive to m'vt - computer tries to predict a normal HR so it may attempt to half or double FHR - hard to detect arrhythmias - maternal and fetal movement may interfere with continuous monitoring limtations of US? - electrode converts fetal ECG to FHR by measuring fetal R to R intervals fetal spiral electrode and how it works? - provides continuous monitoring especially when clinically necessary and not achievable by US - good for large BMI patients - maternal position changes don't affect the tracing benefits of fetal spiral electrode?