RNSG 2205 Nursing Fundamentals Exam 6 Study Guide.

RNSG 2205 Nursing Fundamentals Exam 6 Study Guide. Chapter 15: Nutrition • What is malnutrition? o A condition resulting from lack of proper nutrients in a diet. • What to do when feeding a client w/ Alzheimer’s/Dementia? o Know what you would do during feeding. • What types of fats can be included in the client’s diet? o Saturated, unsaturated, and trans • What vitamin must be included in a vegan diet? o Proteins, calcium, vitamins B12 and D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids. • Helping a visually impaired client when eating. o Know what you would do while feeding the client. • What are obese clients at risks for? o Higher incidence of heart and vascular, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. • Megadose of vitamins o Consuming megadose of vitamins (amounts exceeding those considered adequate for health) of vitamins and minerals can be dangerous. • Cholesterol is tested to assess for what risk? o Cardiac risk • Client teaching about xerostomia o Also known as dry mouth o It is common in older adults and is often caused by medications or the effects of disease. o It interferes with chewing, swallowing, and enjoying meals. o Encourage people with dry mouth to drink adequate non caffeinated and nonalcoholic beverages or chew sugarless gum to promote salivation. Chapter 16: Fluid and Chemical Balance • What action should the nurse take for a client diagnosed with hypovolemia? o Administer IV fluids • What is the purpose for administering plasma? • Types of Solutions o Colloid o Hypertonic o Hypotonic o Isotonic • What is facilitated diffusion? o Glucose is made available to cells in combination with insulin and glucose transport (GLUT) proteins located within cellular membranes. • Phlebitis is… o Inflammation of a vein • Nursing intervention for phlebitis o Restart the IV, report findings, and apply warm compresses. • When to use vented vs unvented tubing? o Vented tubing is necessary for solutions packaged in rigid glass bottle containers; if unvented tubing is inserted into a glass bottle it will not leave the container. • Microdrip tubing standard drop rate o 60 • How can you treat hypervolemia? o Increasing the fluid volume, restricting or limiting oral fluids, reducing salt consumption, discontinuing IV fluid or reducing the infusion volume, administering drugs that promote urine elimination, or using a combination of any of these interventions. • Signs of hypovolemia o Increased pulse, increased respirations, and decreased blood pressure. • Blood compatibility o A group = A and O o B group = B and O o O group = O o AB group = AB, A, B, and O o O group is the universal donor and AB group is the universal recipient. • Items needed to perform venipuncture o Clean gloves, a tourniquet, antiseptic swabs to clean the skin, transparent dressing, and adhesive tape. • Why do you place the IV solution at least 18-24inches above the infusion site? o To overcome the pressure within the client’s vein, which is higher than atmospheric pressure. Chapter 27: Perioperative Care • List the advantages of laser surgery o Cost effectiveness, reduced need for general anesthesia, smaller incisions, minimal blood loss, reduced swelling, and less pain. • What leads to muscle atrophy? o Occurs in older adults who have been on bed rest, even for only 1 or 2 days. • Preoperative checklist o What would you verify on the list? • What feelings are expected after conscious sedation? o Relaxation and emotional comfort Chapter 29: Gastrointestinal Intubation • Client has tube feeding and pressure sores what type of formula should be used? o High protein • Why would a client be changed from intermittent tube feedings to a cyclic feeding? o To gradually increase intake • What nasal issue would keep you from being able to use an NG tube? o Polyps, deviated septum, or a narrowing nasal passage. • Overfilling the patient’s stomach while tube feeding causes? o Vomiting, aspiration, pneumonia, regurgitation, and gastric reflux. • Which symptom is seen in a client with dumping syndrome? o Nausea, weakness, sweating, and dizziness. • How do you determine the length of a nasogastric tube before inserting it inside a client? o Measure from tip of nose to ear, ear to xiphoid process