Humanities: Philosophy Exam Question and Answer 2023

What is philosophy? - Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. What are Epicureans? - Epicureans, followers of a hedonistic philosophical sect that was founded around 307 BC, devote their lives to seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. Epicureanism was founded by Greek philosopher Epicurus (341-270 BC). Epicureans did not believe in overindulgence, but in moderation in the enjoyment of life's pleasures; in addition, Epicureans believed that the gods, like humans, were made up of atoms and that the gods were supremely happy beings who did not play an active role in the universe. What is Stoicism? - Stoicism was a philosophical movement founded in Athens around 300 B.C. that emphasized maintaining a stern mind and withholding emotional reactions in order to reflect the ordered, rational, and calm universe. Stoics believe that maintaining the appearance of being unemotional is paramount in understanding and knowing the world. What is Cynicism? - Followers of the Greek philosophy known as Cynicism clung to virtue as a way to obtain happiness and neglected all conventional social norms such as family, money, and society in order to live in tune with nature.