MICRO BIO 2100 Dr. Wilk’s Note Guide for Microbiology Unit 10

MICRO BIO 2100 Dr. Wilk’s Note Guide for Microbiology Unit 10.Vocabulary to define: • Pleomorphic-capable of having a variety of shapes • Endothelial cells-an epithelial cell found in blood vessels and lining the heart Bacterial Diseases of the digestive system • Bacillus cereus o Disease associated with pathogen-food poisoning/intoxication-found in pasta or rice o Signs and symptoms-symptoms begin within a few hours & include nausea, pain & abdominal cramps. Vomiting or diarrhea may also be present depending on the enterotoxin present. Has been known to cause death. o Virulence Factors-makes 2 enterotoxins ▪ One causes vomiting ▪ Other causes diarrhea o Transmission-found in the soil & is often associated with grains. The bacteria in food will form and endospore. Vegetative bacteria make enterotoxins. Enterotoxins can be secreted into food that is left out too long or not cooked properly. o Treatment-antibiotics and fluids • Bacillus anthracis o Disease associated with pathogen-anthrax o Signs and symptoms-rare in the US, prompt treatment is necessary for good outcomes. Without treatment, gastrointestinal anthrax is fatal in about 40% of cases. o Virulence Factors-has a capsule, lethal toxin (LT), and edema toxin (ET). o Transmission-enters through the GI system causes gastrointestinal anthrax. Can be contracted through eating meat contaminated with the bacterium. o Treatment-antibiotics; penicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin • Clostridium botulinum o Disease associated with pathogen-botulism o Signs and symptoms-nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, difficulty swallowing, drooping eyelids, blurred vision o Virulence Factors-usually the endospore of C. botulinum are in food and germinate within the food allowing the production of the neurotoxin. The person ingests the neurotoxin and enters the bloodstream causing the paralysis at the NMJ. Forms the neurotoxin BoNT. o Transmission-Associated with improperly canned foods. The neurotoxin is ingested through the digestive tract. o Treatment-Administration of the anti-toxin for the BoNT. This will only stop progression and not reverse any damage to the NMJ already done. Over time, neurological functions may be regained over a period of months or years. • Clostridium difficile o Disease associated with pathogen-C-diff infection