NCOA Test 2: Leadership and Management Correct 100%

Categorical Imperative - ANSWER Any proposition that declares a certain kind of action or inaction to be necessary. A hypothetical imperative would compel action under a particular circumstance: Ethics - ANSWER behavior based on adopted attitudes and beliefs of what is right and wrong or values and judgments about good and evil, and the study of how you judge those behaviors. Ethics are a set of standards of conduct that guide decisions and actions based on duties derived from core values. Ethical Dilemma - ANSWER An ethical dilemma is a situation where someone is forced to choose between two alternatives. Both alternatives can be unfavorable i.e., less right vs. more right and less wrong vs. more wrong. Ethical Relativism - ANSWER Ethical relativism is the belief that nothing is objectively right or wrong and that the definition of right or wrong depends on the prevailing view of a particular individual, culture, or historical period. Military Ethics - ANSWER The American military ethic is designed to put principle above self-interest. Personal integrity and moral courage are keys to the viability of that ethic. Morals - ANSWER Morals are values that are attributed to a system of beliefs that help define right from wrong and good versus bad. Values - ANSWER Values are the core beliefs you hold regarding what is right and fair in terms of our actions and our interactions with others. The Three O's - ANSWER Owing, ordering, and oughting The Three P's - ANSWER Principle, truth-telling and honor, first; purpose, mission accomplishment and duty, second; and people, Airmen third. The Three R's - ANSWER Rules, results, and realities explain that rules give us ethical guidance; results are the outcomes, the bottom line, and the consequences of following or not following those rules; and realities, which recognize the importance of the situation, circumstances, or realities. The Three D's - ANSWER Discern the facts from assumptions and falsehoods; declare the truth; do what is right based on what you have learned and to take appropriate action for the situation as it stands. Assistance - ANSWER may include helping workers so they can be both mentally and physically present on the job. Inclusion - ANSWER involves responding to the needs of all Airmen so they feel valued and part of the team. Respect - ANSWER accepting and promoting the value each individual brings to the work center. Assumptions - ANSWER When you make an assumption, you are claiming something about a situation that isn't supported by facts. Collusion - ANSWER occurs when people cooperate with others, knowingly or unknowingly, to reinforce those behaviors that prevent others from fully entering into the workplace culture. Discrimination - ANSWER the treatment or consideration of making a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs, rather than on individual merit. Diversity - ANSWER defined as a composite of individual characteristics, experiences, and abilities consistent with the Air Force Core Values and the Air Force Mission. Diversity Awareness - ANSWER the ability to recognize and respond to the needs of various groups within an organization to improve working relationships, productivity, customer satisfaction, and mission effectiveness. Diversity Supportive - ANSWER Act Proactively, Leadership-Driven, Encourage Ownership of Initiatives, Think Inclusively, Mainstream Diversity Equal Opportunity - ANSWER refers to legal and regulatory mandates prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, sex, national origin, religion, age, disability, or reprisal for participating in the EEO process. The F.A.I.R Way - ANSWER strategy, cultural diversities are carefully considered because of what they bring to the workplace by way of your inherent genetic and ethnical differences. Feedback - ANSWER is giving and receiving information on how to meet expectations. Perceptions - ANSWER are what you experience and observe that becomes your reality. Perspectives - ANSWER are your position on a particular subject. It is how you mentally view a situation. Prejudice - ANSWER an adverse or unreasonable opinion or thought about a person or group without all the facts and usually based on deeply held beliefs...it's a 'pre-judgment'. Primary Dimension - ANSWER includes differences that are inborn and/ or exert an important impact on your early socialization and have an ongoing impact throughout your life. Secondary Dimension - ANSWER includes characteristics about yourself that can change such as: work ethic, income, marital status, experience, religious and philosophical beliefs, educational background, and language abilities. Social Bias - ANSWER usually the effect of your upbringing, values, pre-existing beliefs, and interests. This makes it impossible for you to be impartial. Social Sensitivity - ANSWER is one's reception and responsiveness to the emotions, feelings, personality, temperaments, cultural differences, values, and beliefs of those around them. Socio-Behavioral Tendencies (SBTs) - ANSWER the thought processes you use to help make sense of the world you live in. Influenced by your beliefs and values, they define who you are, how you act or respond to situations, and how you treat others. Stereotype - ANSWER is a standardized mental picture that one person or group of people hold about another person or group of people. Adapting - ANSWER involves adjusting your behaviors and other resources to what you've diagnosed/observed in ways that help close the gap between the current situation and what you want to achieve and is focused on your leadership style. ABC's of Behavior - ANSWER antecedents (prior events), behavior (observable behavior), and consequences (rewards or punishments resulting from prior events). The theory states that a person will tend to change his or her behavior based on consequences, resulting from prior behavior. X & Y Theory - ANSWER The Theory X manager assumes that most people prefer to be directed, and aren't interested in assuming responsibility—all they desire is safety. Theory X managers tend to direct, control, and closely supervise—the term "micro-manage" could be used to describe them! Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER Maslow believed that an individual's most basic needs must be filled before that individual could move on to higher needs or ambitions. If someone is suffering from great pain or hunger, he or she isn't going to be very productive. Expectation Theory - ANSWER A person expects certain things when he or she works, such as, money, training, safety, and supervision. Motivational Profile Theory - ANSWER Includes achievement, power, and affiliation. People that fall within the achievement area seek challenges on the job and try to achieve mastery of certain tasks or certain jobs.The second area is power. Individuals will often seek status and control in their positions or jobs. The last area of McClelland's theory is affiliation. People seek affiliation by looking for social aspects of the job. Being around people or helping people is what they seek and what motivates them. Contemporary Motivation Model - ANSWER The three levels are membership (the lowest end), performance level (mid-level), and the involvement level (highest level) of commitment. Diagnosing - ANSWER Tool that can be used to identify the developmental needs of your subordinates, a process you can use to find out what's going on in your work center, or skill you can develop to help your people meet the expectations of the Air Force Essential Follower Traits - ANSWER Competence, Integrity, Loyalty, and Initiative 5 Essential Qualities of Effective Followership - ANSWER self management, commitment, competent, integrity, and initiative. Personal Power - ANSWER is the extent to which followers respect, feel good about, and are committed to their leader; and see their own goals being satisfied by the goals of their leader. Position Power - ANSWER provides you with the authority to make decisions and requests based on your position within the organization. System Level Rewards - ANSWER These are rewards the system (USAF) promises to people as long as they perform at the minimum acceptable standard. System level rewards are things the institution provides such as pay, training, annual leave, medical and dental benefits, retirement; whether operating at the membership, performance, or involvement level of commitment, everyone gets these rewards. Supervisory Rewards - ANSWER Given to those who go beyond the standard, they include such things as praise, public recognition, time off, bonus pay, promotions, special assignments, empowerment, challenge, autonomy, and greater roles and responsibilities. Personal Rewards - ANSWER These rewards come from within oneself. When someone fully enjoys his or her work, he or she strives to exceed every standard and self-rewards for a job well done. Anti-deficiency Act (ADA) - ANSWER Government officials may not make payments or commit the United States to make payments at some future time for goods or services unless there is enough money in the "bank" to cover the cost in full. The "bank," is the available appropriation. Appropriation - ANSWER Government (Taxpayer) funding approved by congress for a specific purpose. Multiple Appropriations; many having its own set of rules to properly execute. Authorization Change Request (ACR) - ANSWER The document used to propose adjustments to a Unit Manning Document. Budget Process - ANSWER a continuous cycle of planning, programming, revising, adjusting, and spending manner. Budget Review - ANSWER a two-part process that occurs twice within each budget cycle to identify and redistribute funds to meet unfunded requirements such as unforeseen or initially unanticipated mission-related expenses. Continuing Resolution Authority (CRA) - ANSWER Fiscal law authority that allows the government to continue operations at a minimum level for a specific amount of time, usually a few days to a few weeks, when the budget isn't approved by Congress. Cost Center (CC) - ANSWER The organization that gathers and distributes cost data. The cost center refers to the basic flight or work center. Cost Center Management (CCM) - ANSWER Regulates the daily use of work hours, supplies, equipment, and services in production or operations. Also, continually monitors the relationship between resources used and products produced to allow for the realignment of resources when necessary. The CCM is usually