Diana Duka
Unit 12
Assignment B
Diseases and Infection
Examine the transmission of infectious diseases and how this can be
prevented.
Introduction
Infectious diseases can spread rapidly if there are not enough precautions and prevention
management available or known to the public.
Some diseases can be prevented really easily whereas other diseases may require more
thorough methods of prevention. Diseases tend to spread through air or water particles,
vectors, parasites and even physical touch, as well as consumption of contaminated food or
liquids. This informative report will analyse and evaluate the different organisations and their
ways of specific disease prevention along with identifying different methods of infectious
disease transmission.
Transmission - P3
Transmission is the passing on or spreading of something. This is usually associated with
diseases in Biology. There are different ways in which diseases can spread; direct and
indirect transmission.
Spreading of a disease directly is usually through physical touch between human to human
or animal to human. Whereas, indirect transmission is through vectors, air, water, food and
contaminated surfaces and droplets. Droplets refer to when a person coughs or sneezes.
● Direct Transmission
Most common infectious diseases, such as sexually transmitted infections, are
spread by physical contact. This includes kissing, sexual intercourse and skin to skin
contact. Some of the diseases which one can be suffering with are gonorrhoea,
chlamydia, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus.
● Indirect Transmission
People are susceptible towards droplet infections because our airways do not contain
a filter, which would be able to prevent us from getting ill so often. These droplets can
be found everywhere, as it is produced from speaking, coughing and sneezing. This
, method of transmission is often referred to as airborne, which usually causes the
influenza, COVID-19, Ebola and many more.
Vehicles, such as food, water and blood, are carriers and hosts of a specific
pathogen. An example of this is food and water may carry hepatitis A. Some other
vehicles include inanimate objects; needles, scalpel blades etc.
Another type of indirect transmission is through vectors. These vectors are usually
fleas, ticks or mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are known to carry the malaria parasite, which
uses the mosquito as a suitable environment for it to grow, multiply and live happily.
The malaria enters the mosquito’s bloodstream and multiplies in its salivary glands.
When a mosquito bites a person, the malaria within the glands are secreted into the
person's body, which then infects the person.
Direct and Indirect Transmission
Direct
Transmission Type Pathogen(s) Disease Transmission
1. Person to ● Bacterium ● Gonorrhea ● Unprotected
person ● Bacterium ● Chlamydia sexual
contact ● Virus ● HIV/AIDS intercourse
● Virus ● HPV (Human ● oral/ anal
Papillomavirus) sexual
activity
2. Droplet ● Bacterium ● Influenza ● Coughing
● Virus ● COVID-19 ● Sneezing
● Virus ● Ebola ● Speaking
Indirect
Transmission Type Pathogen(s) Disease Transmission
1. Airborne ● Virus ● Cold ● Coughing
● Virus ● Measles ● Sneezing
● Bacterium ● Tuberculosis ● Speaking
2. Food and ● Bacterium ● Salmonella ● Eating
water ● Bacterium ● Botulism undercooked
food
● Drinking dirty
water
Unit 12
Assignment B
Diseases and Infection
Examine the transmission of infectious diseases and how this can be
prevented.
Introduction
Infectious diseases can spread rapidly if there are not enough precautions and prevention
management available or known to the public.
Some diseases can be prevented really easily whereas other diseases may require more
thorough methods of prevention. Diseases tend to spread through air or water particles,
vectors, parasites and even physical touch, as well as consumption of contaminated food or
liquids. This informative report will analyse and evaluate the different organisations and their
ways of specific disease prevention along with identifying different methods of infectious
disease transmission.
Transmission - P3
Transmission is the passing on or spreading of something. This is usually associated with
diseases in Biology. There are different ways in which diseases can spread; direct and
indirect transmission.
Spreading of a disease directly is usually through physical touch between human to human
or animal to human. Whereas, indirect transmission is through vectors, air, water, food and
contaminated surfaces and droplets. Droplets refer to when a person coughs or sneezes.
● Direct Transmission
Most common infectious diseases, such as sexually transmitted infections, are
spread by physical contact. This includes kissing, sexual intercourse and skin to skin
contact. Some of the diseases which one can be suffering with are gonorrhoea,
chlamydia, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus.
● Indirect Transmission
People are susceptible towards droplet infections because our airways do not contain
a filter, which would be able to prevent us from getting ill so often. These droplets can
be found everywhere, as it is produced from speaking, coughing and sneezing. This
, method of transmission is often referred to as airborne, which usually causes the
influenza, COVID-19, Ebola and many more.
Vehicles, such as food, water and blood, are carriers and hosts of a specific
pathogen. An example of this is food and water may carry hepatitis A. Some other
vehicles include inanimate objects; needles, scalpel blades etc.
Another type of indirect transmission is through vectors. These vectors are usually
fleas, ticks or mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are known to carry the malaria parasite, which
uses the mosquito as a suitable environment for it to grow, multiply and live happily.
The malaria enters the mosquito’s bloodstream and multiplies in its salivary glands.
When a mosquito bites a person, the malaria within the glands are secreted into the
person's body, which then infects the person.
Direct and Indirect Transmission
Direct
Transmission Type Pathogen(s) Disease Transmission
1. Person to ● Bacterium ● Gonorrhea ● Unprotected
person ● Bacterium ● Chlamydia sexual
contact ● Virus ● HIV/AIDS intercourse
● Virus ● HPV (Human ● oral/ anal
Papillomavirus) sexual
activity
2. Droplet ● Bacterium ● Influenza ● Coughing
● Virus ● COVID-19 ● Sneezing
● Virus ● Ebola ● Speaking
Indirect
Transmission Type Pathogen(s) Disease Transmission
1. Airborne ● Virus ● Cold ● Coughing
● Virus ● Measles ● Sneezing
● Bacterium ● Tuberculosis ● Speaking
2. Food and ● Bacterium ● Salmonella ● Eating
water ● Bacterium ● Botulism undercooked
food
● Drinking dirty
water
