NZ Nursing STATE EXAM 2023 with complete solution

NZ Nursing STATE EXAM 2023 with complete solution what are the 9 ethical principles? -Autonomy -Beneficence -Non-maleficence -Justice -Confidentiality -Veracity -Fidelity -Guardianship of the environment -Being professional What are the 7 Maori Ethical Principles? -Rangatiratanaga -Manaakitanga -Tika -Whanaungatanga -Wairuatanga -Kotahitanga -Kaitiatanga Define Rangatiratanga Self-determination and right to determine destiny. Define Manaakitanga Showing kindness, treating people with respect, caring for others, nurturing relationships. Define Tika Importance of truth, justices, fairness and rights. Define Whanaungatanga Process of establishing relationships, whanau connection Define Kotahitanga Unity, togetherness, solidarity and collective action. Define Wairuatanga Understanding and believing there is a spiritual existence in addition to the physical. Define Kaitiatanga Guardianship or stewardship Define veracity honest and truthfulness Define fidelity obligation to remain faithful to one's commitment to others What is principle 1 from Code of Conduct Respect the dignity & individuality of health consumers What is principle 2 from Code of Conduct Respect the cultural needs & values of health consumers What is principle 3 from Code of Conduct Work in partnership with health consumers to promote and protect their well-being What is principle 4 from Code of Conduct Maintain health consumer trust by providing safe and competent care What is principle 5 from Code of Conduct Respect health consumers privacy and confidentiality What is principle 6 from Code of Conduct Work respectfully with colleagues to best meet health consumer needs What is principle 7 from Code of Conduct Act with integrity to justify health consumers' trust What is principle 8 from Code of Conduct Maintain public trust & confidence in the nursing profession. Define Asthma Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterised by reversible airway obstruction. Name the 3 characteristics of asthma -Wheezyness -Chest tightness -Cough Name common triggers for asthma -Tobacco -Pollutants -Exercise Describe the Pathophysiology of Asthma Smooth muscles constrict in the bronchioles, airways become inflamed, mucus production increases Common medications used to treat Asthma Short acting bronchodilator: Salbutamol & terbutaline Long acting bronchodilator: Salmeterol Describe COPD Chronic Obstruction of Pulmonary Disease: Progressive development of airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and obstruction of the lung parenchyma occurs. Define Emphysema Destruction of the alveolar walls, producing large air spaces within the lungs, loss of lung elasticity and air trapped = decreased surface area of lungs = decrease air exchange Define Chronic Bronchitis When inflammation and blockage destroys cilia in the lungs = airflow resistance = increase of work of breathing. What are the complications of COPD? Co-mordbidities such as pneumonia, heart disease, What is Heart Failure? When the heart is unable to pump and supply sufficient blood to the body needs Definition of Shock It is a syndrome characterised by tissue ischemia from decreased peerfusion and impaired cellular metabolism What are the 3 causes of cardiogenic shock? -primary ventricular ischemia caused by MI -structural problems -Arrhythmias What does the 3 causes of cardiogenic shock result in? systolic dysfunction: ineffective forward movement of blood. This leads to decrease in stroke volume and cardiac output = decrease in cellular oxygen supply, tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. What are the two types of hypovolaemia ? -Absolute hypovolaemia: Fluid loss from haemorrhage, GI loss or great big fistula. -Relative Hypovolaemia: When fluid moves from vascular space to extra vascular space What is the pathophysiology of hypovolaemic shock? Decrease in circulating volume, venous return, stroke volume, cardiac output, cellular O2 supply, tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. What are the four stages of Labour? -The cervix opens to 10cm dilated -The baby moves through the vagina and is born -The placenta is delivered -Rest & recovery How long do you monitor the mother after birth and what do you monitor for? Must monitor the mother 1-2 hours postpartum to detect haemorrhage or hypovolaemia Why do new borns need vitamin K? We administer vitamin K via vastus lateralis because newborns cannot synthesise vitamin K in the intestines without the bacterial flora.