Chapter 15 & 16: Cardiovascular - PD II (Exam III) 100% correct answers

Chapter 15 & 16: Cardiovascular - PD II (Exam III) 100% correct answers The condition in which a patient's heart is either rotated or displaced to the right or is situated as a mirror image of the expected position is called a. amyloidosis. b. cardiomyopathy. c. dextrocardia. d. situs inversus. e. coarctation. c. dextrocardia. Heart position can vary depending on body habitus. In a short, stocky individual, you would expect the heart to be located a. more to the right and hanging more vertically. b. more to the left and lying more horizontally. c. riding higher in the chest and pushed anteriorly. d. hanging lower in the chest and riding more vertically. e. more to the right and lying more horizontally. b. more to the left and lying more horizontally. Thin-walled reservoirs of the heart are the a. atria. b. pericardia. c. sinuses. d. ventricles. e. septa. a. atria. Which cardiac structure is responsible for the heart's pumping action? a. Pericardium b. Epicardium c. Myocardium d. Endocardium e. Atria c. Myocardium Which two heart structures are most anterior in the chest? a. Both atria b. Both ventricles c. The right atrium and ventricle d. the left atrium and ventricle. e. superior and inferior venae cavae c. The right atrium and ventricle Contraction of the ventricles causes a. closure of the atrioventricular valves. b. closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves. c. opening of the mitral valve and closure of the tricuspid valve. d. opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves. e. opening of the auricular septa. a. closure of the atrioventricular valves. Which two structures together form the primary muscle mass of the heart? a. Right atria and left ventricle b. Left ventricle and the aorta c. Right and left atria d. Left atrium and the pulmonary vein e. Right and left ventricles e. Right and left ventricles The major heart sounds are normally created by a. valves opening. b. valves closing. c. the rapid movement of blood. d. rubbing together of the cardiac walls. e. pulmonic veins. b. valves closing. Electrical activity recorded by the electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing that denotes the spread of the stimulus through the atria is the a. P wave. b. PR interval. c. QRS complex. d. ST segment. e. T wave. a. P wave. A third heart sound is created by a. atrial contraction. b. ventricular contraction. c. diastolic filling. d. regurgitation between the right and left ventricles. e. blood in the pericardium. c. diastolic filling. The "pacing" structure of the heart's electrical activity is the a. atrioventricular (AV) node. b. bundle of His. c. Purkinje fibers. d. coronary sinus. e. sinoatrial (SA) node. e. sinoatrial (SA) node. Purkinje fibers are located in the a. sinoatrial node. b. atrioventricular node. c. myocardium. d. aortic arch e. pericardium c. myocardium. The spread of the impulse through the ventricles (ventricular depolarization) is depicted on the ECG as the a. P wave. b. QRS complex. c. PR interval. d. T wave. e. U wave. b. QRS complex. In a fetus, the right ventricle pumps blood through the a. left atrium. b. ductus arteriosus. c. lungs. d. foramen ovale. e. septum primum. b. ductus arteriosus. In what group are the right and left ventricles equal in weight and muscle mass? a. Newborns b. School-age children c. Adolescents d. Older adults e. Pregnant women a. Newborns Closure of the ductus arteriosus usually occurs a. just before the initiation of labor. b. 24 to 48 hours after birth. c. after 7 days of life. d. between the second and third months of life. e. during the toddler stage. b. 24 to 48 hours after birth. The apex of a 2-month-old baby's heart typically lies closest to the a. left midsternal area. b. fourth left intercostal space. c. midthoracic spinal area. d. sixth left intercostal space. e. right midsternal area. b. fourth left intercostal space. Normal cardiac changes that occur during pregnancy include a. decreased cardiac output. b. increased thickness and mass of the left ventricle. c. decreased heart rate. d. dilation of the ventricles. e. heart is shifted more vertical. b. increased thickness and mass of the left ventricle. Which ECG change would not be expected as an age-related pattern? a. First-degree block b. Bundle branch block c. Left ventricular hypertrophy d. ventricular fibrillation e. atrial fibrillation d. ventricular fibrillation Mr. O, age 50 years, comes for his yearly health assessment, which is provided by his employer. During your initial history-taking interview, Mr. O mentions that he routinely engages in light exercise. At this time, you should a. ask if he makes his own bed daily. b. have the patient describe his exercise. c. make a note that he walks each day. d. record "light exercise" in the history. e. record "questionable exercise" in the history. b. have the patient describe his exercise. Pleural pain differs from chest discomfort caused by other conditions in that it is a. precipitated by breathing. b. eased with deep breathing. c. usually described as dull in nature. d. related to the time of day. e. eased with coughing. a. precipitated by breathing. Which of the following information belongs in the past medical history section related to heart and blood vessel assessment? a. Adolescent inguinal hernia b. Childhood mumps c. Past incidence of bee stings d. Previous unexplained fever e. Parents with a history of cardiac problems d. Previous unexplained fever A patient you are seeing in the emergency department for chest pain is suspected of having a myocardial infarct. During the health history interview of his family history, he relates that his father died of heart trouble. The most important follow-up question you should pose is which of the following? a. "Did your father have coronary bypass surgery?" b. "Did your father's father have heart trouble also?" c. "What were your father's usual dietary habits?" d. "What age was your father at the time of his death?" e. "Did your mother also have heart trouble?" d. "What age was your father at the time of his death?" Which one of the following is a common symptom of cardiovascular disorders in an older adult? a. Fatigue b. Joint pain c. Poor night vision d. Urticaria e. Fevers a. Fatigue In an adult, the apical impulse should be most visible when the patient is in which position? a. Supine b. Leaning backward c. Lithotomy d. Right lateral recumbent e. Up right e. Up right If the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected to the chest wall, it is called a. a lift. b. a thrill. c. a bruit. d. a murmur. e. crepitus. a. a lift. A palpable rushing vibration over the base of the heart at the second intercostal space is called a a. heave. b. lift. c. thrill. d. thrust. e. murmur. c. thrill. An apical point of maximal impulse (PMI) palpated beyond the left fifth intercostal space may indicate a. decreased cardiac output. b. dextrocardia. c. left ventricular hypertrophy. d. hyperventilation. e. obesity. c. left ventricular hypertrophy. A lift along the left sternal border is most likely the result of a. aortic stenosis. b. atrial septal defect. c. pulmonary hypertension. d. right ventricular hypertrophy. e. left ventricular hypertrophy. d. right ventricular hypertrophy. Normal heart sounds are best heard a. directly over the semilunar and bicuspid heart valves. b. over areas where blood flows after it passes through a valve. c. near the carotid vessels. d. over the central sternum. e. over the ribs. b. over areas where blood flows after it passes through a valve. To estimate heart size by percussion, you should begin tapping at the a. apex. b. left sternal border. c. midclavicular line. d. midsternal line. e. anterior axillary line. e. anterior axillary line. To hear diastolic heart sounds, you should ask patients to a. lie on their backs. b. lie on their left sides. c. lie on their right sides. d. sit up and lean forward. e. lie prone. b. lie on their left sides.