Fetal echocardiography Review| 327 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

If imaging just inferior to the crux, the _ is seen, correct answer: coronary sinus If imaging just above the crux, the ___ comes into view. correct answer: left ventricular outflow tract The mitral and aortic valves lie in the left ventricle, ___ the right heart structures correct answer: behind (posterior to) Just above the aorta, the ______, crosses over the aortic origin and continues as the arterial duct correct answer: pulmonary artery ___(Direction)___ the pulmonary artery, the aorta forms the aortic arch correct answer: Just above Slight angulation of the transducer on the transverse aortic arch view shows the arch and duct in the same slice and allows them to be compared for size, position and direction of flow (__called the____view) correct answer: the V-sign view True/False: A complete fetal cardiac examination requires assessment of the long-axis views of the heart correct answer: False True/False The 4-chamber view of the heart is obtained in a transverse section of the thorax correct answer: True True/False In fetal life the liver elevates the fetal cardiac apex correct answer: True True/False A complete fetal cardiac examination requires assessment of three basic transverse views correct answer: False True/False In the normal heart the pulmonary artery lies above the aortic valve correct answer: True the _____ heart view is abnormal in about 60% of major cardiac malformations correct answer: four chamber he heart normally occupies ____of the area of the chest correct answer: one third The normal C/T ratio is around _____. However, this is not a precise measurement and should only be used as a rough guide correct answer: 0.55 (range 0.5-0.6) C/T ratio stands for correct answer: cardiac circumference / thoracic circumference ratio The heart normally lies with the inter-ventricular septum at about 45° (with a range of ___) to the midline of the thorax with the apex pointing out of the left anterior chest wall correct answer: 25-70 degrees Most of the heart lies in the ____chest. correct answer: left The ..... is the most posterior chamber in the normal heart, correct answer: left atrium (LA) ____ heart chamber is located just anterior to the descending aorta correct answer: left atrium (LA) ____ is located anterior to the spine correct answer: descending aorta The ..... lies behind the sternum correct answer: right ventricle (RV)