238 Final Exam review Test Questions and Answers 2023

FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE THE NURSING PROCESS Understand all steps in nursing process and be able to apply to all systems listed below in the system sections a. Assessment  Assessing the patient for subjective and objective data b. Diagnoses  Nursing diagnosis based upon patient assessment c. Planning  Plan for how to care for the patient based upon the nursing diagnosis d. Implementation  Implementing the patient’s care plan e. Evaluation  Monitor patient to see if implementation is effective or ineffective Be able to format nursing. Diagnosis, goals, interventions correctly  PES: problem, etiology, symptoms  Ex: Activity intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand as evidence by verbal report of fatigue, abnormal heart rate in response to activity, difficulty breathing Apply the nursing process by priority ABCDE A: airway B: breathing C: circulation D: disability E: exposure Critical thinking / Clinical Reasoning Critical thinking: NOT trial and error  Application of knowledge  Experience to identify the patient problems Critical reasoning: develops over time  make decisions  Uses critical thinking, knowledge, and experience to develop solutions to problems and make decisions in a clinical setting Skills that depend on critical thinking:  Problem solving (interchangeable) o Systematic, analytic approach to finding a solution to a problem  Decision making 1 o Choosing a solution or answer from among different options; often considered a step in the problem-solving process  Reasoning o Logical thinking that links thoughts, ideas, and facts together in a meaningful way; used in scientific inquiry and problem-solving  Judgement