N480 - Ch 48 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus • A chronic multisystem disease characterized by hyperglycemia related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both • Affects 29.1 million people • Seventh leading cause of death • Leading cause of • Adult blindness • End-stage renal disease • Nontraumatic lower limb amputations • Major contributing factor • Heart disease • Stroke FR • Combination of causative factors • Genetic • Autoimmune • Environmental • Absent/insufficient insulin and/or poor utilization of insulin • Normal glucose and insulin metabolism • Produced by b -cells in islets of Langerhans • Released continuously into bloodstream in small increments with larger amounts released after food • Stabilizes glucose level in range of 70 to 110 mg/dL Etiology and Pathophysiology FR • Type 1 • Type 2 • Gestational • Other specific types • Prediabetes Classes of Diabetes FR Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Formerly known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes • Accounts for about 5% to 10% of all people with diabetes • Generally affects people under age 40 • Can occur at any age