Chapter 3
Matter: anything that occupying space and have mass; Three state:
- Solid: Rigid and have a fixed volume and shape -> Ice cube, diamond
- Liquid: Has a define volume but no specific shape -> Gasoline, water, alcohol
- Gas: has no fixed volume or shape -> Air, oxygen, helium
Physical Properties
Characteristics that are directly observable and unique to a substance
E.g. Odor, colour, density, melting and boiling point
Physical changes: alter the physical form of substances without changing their chemical
identities -> E.g. Changing the state of a substance: melting ice (changing solid water to liquid
water) changing the shape or the size of the pieces in a sample
- Other physical changes involve the formation of mixtures in which all of the components
retain their chemical identities -> E.g. Other: dissolving sugar in water
Chemical Properties
A substance ability to form new substances
E.g. Flammability, Rusting of steel, The digestion of food
Chemical changes: chemical reaction -> old substances are destroyed, and new substances are
formed -> E.g. Electrolysis of water = Oxygen + hydrogen
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substance by chemical methods; they are
the basic building block of compound; can be found in the periodic table
Compound
A substance composed of a given combination of elements that can be broken down into those
elements by chemical methods; always contain atoms of different elements
Prue Substance
Always have the same composition -> E.g. Water
Mixture
Have variable composition -> E.g. Wood, wine
Homogeneous Mixture
You cannot see the different layer, indistinguishable parts -> Air, Gasoline
Matter: anything that occupying space and have mass; Three state:
- Solid: Rigid and have a fixed volume and shape -> Ice cube, diamond
- Liquid: Has a define volume but no specific shape -> Gasoline, water, alcohol
- Gas: has no fixed volume or shape -> Air, oxygen, helium
Physical Properties
Characteristics that are directly observable and unique to a substance
E.g. Odor, colour, density, melting and boiling point
Physical changes: alter the physical form of substances without changing their chemical
identities -> E.g. Changing the state of a substance: melting ice (changing solid water to liquid
water) changing the shape or the size of the pieces in a sample
- Other physical changes involve the formation of mixtures in which all of the components
retain their chemical identities -> E.g. Other: dissolving sugar in water
Chemical Properties
A substance ability to form new substances
E.g. Flammability, Rusting of steel, The digestion of food
Chemical changes: chemical reaction -> old substances are destroyed, and new substances are
formed -> E.g. Electrolysis of water = Oxygen + hydrogen
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substance by chemical methods; they are
the basic building block of compound; can be found in the periodic table
Compound
A substance composed of a given combination of elements that can be broken down into those
elements by chemical methods; always contain atoms of different elements
Prue Substance
Always have the same composition -> E.g. Water
Mixture
Have variable composition -> E.g. Wood, wine
Homogeneous Mixture
You cannot see the different layer, indistinguishable parts -> Air, Gasoline
