EMT-B Basic Final Exam Review Solved

Who sets the curriculum for all EMS courses? - ANSWER-DOT Provides national standards for EMT testing and certification. - ANSWER-National Registery Physician who authorizes/delegates authority to provide medical care in the field. - ANSWER-Medical Control Recognition, patient assesment, continued assesment and stabilization in hospital, definitive care. - ANSWER-Continuum of Care Types of stress include: - ANSWER-Cumulative, post-traumatic stress reaction, eustruss, acute stress, and chronic stress S/S of stress include: - ANSWER-Increased respiratory rate, heart rate, and B/P, vasodilation, dialted pupils, tensed muscles, increased glucose levels, perspiration, deacreased blood flow to gastrointestinal tract, irritability, inability to concentrate, difficult or increased sleeping, anxiety, guilt, loss of appetite, decreased sexual activity, loss of interest in work, alcholism, drug use. Management of stress includes: - ANSWER-Eliminate stressors, change partners, get rid of negative personalities, change work hours, reduce overtime, change your attitude, don't obsess over what you can't change, excercise, diet. Fight or Flight response: - ANSWER-During an acute stress response, the autonomic nervous system is activated and the body increases level of cotricol, adrenilen, and other hormones that produce an increased heart rate, quick breathing, and higher BP. Blood is shunted from extremities to the big muscles to "fight or flight". Routes of transmission include: - ANSWER-Direct - touch or droplets Indirect - spread by inanimate objects Mechanical (vector born) - by insects Biological - Transmissions by which the germs live or grow Airborne - sneezes, coughs Dust - may carry pores, may remain for long periods. Control and prevention of contamination include? - ANSWER-Hand washing, gloves, eye protection, gowns, masks, mask, respirators, barrier devices, and immunizations. Duty to Act is? - ANSWER-An obligation to provide care. Duties include: - ANSWER-Duty to: -Respond -Obey laws and regulations -Operate an emergerncy vehicle reasonably and prudently -Provide care and transportation to expected standard -Provide care and transport consistent with the scope of practice and local medicine protocol -Continue and transport through to its appropriate conclusion The scope of practice is? - ANSWER-Descriptionof what assessment and treatment skills and EMT may legally perform. Implied consent is? - ANSWER-Consent in which a patient is unable to give consent and is provided treatment under the implication they would want treament. Informed consent is? - ANSWER-Permission for treatment given by a patient after the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment have been explained. Ethics - ANSWER-The discipline dealing with what is good and bad. Standard of care is? - ANSWER-The degree of medical care and skill that is expected of a resonably competent EMT acting in the same or similar circumstances. Confidentiality is? - ANSWER-Communication between you and the patient is considered confindential and can only be released to other medical staff or with a court order. Definite signs of death include: - ANSWER-Obvious mortal damage, dependent lividity, rigor mortis, putrefaction. Obvious mortal damage: - ANSWER-Injuries such as decapitation or non survivable injury. Dependent lividity - ANSWER-Blood settling to the lowest part of the body. "Pooling" Rigor mortis - ANSWER-Stiffening of body muscles caused by chemical changes in the body. Develops in the face and jaw, gradually extending downward. Onset is affected by body's ability to lose temp (thin=fast, fat body=slow). Occurs between 2-12 hours after death putrefaction - ANSWER-Decomposition of body tissue. Occurs between 20-96 hours. Anterioir - ANSWER-Front side of body Posterior - ANSWER-back of the body Midline - ANSWER-Imaginary line drawn vertically from middle of the forehead through the umbilicus floor Midclavicular - ANSWER-Referring to the middle of the clavicle parallel to the midline Midaxillary - ANSWER-Referring to middle of armpit parallel to the midline Superior - ANSWER-Towards the head of the body Inferior - ANSWER-Towards the feet Proximal - ANSWER-Structures closer to the trunk Distal - ANSWER-Structures further from the trunk Medial - ANSWER-Towards middle Lateral - ANSWER-Towards the outside Ventral - ANSWER-Belly side of the body Dorsal - ANSWER-Spinal side of the body Palmar - ANSWER-The palms Plantar - ANSWER-The soles of the feet Apex - ANSWER-Tip of a structure Bilateral - ANSWER-Both sides Unilatral - ANSWER-One side Ipsilateral - ANSWER-Refers to the same side of the body Flexion - ANSWER-bending of a joint Extension - ANSWER-Straightning of a joint Adduction - ANSWER-Moving towards midline Abduction - ANSWER-moving away from midline Skull (cranium) contains: - ANSWER-Occiput temporal regions, parietal region, mandible, zygomas, maxillae, orbit Spine consists of: - ANSWER-Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (5), Coccyx (4) Thoracic contains: - ANSWER-Ribs (12), spine, sternum, clavical, scapula, lungs, heart, diaphragm. Pelvis consists of: - ANSWER-Illium (crest), ischium (butt bone), and pubis. Femur - ANSWER-Bone located in the thigh Patella - ANSWER-the bone located at the knee Tibia - ANSWER-Anterior bone in the lower leg Fibula - ANSWER-Posterior bone in lower leg Tarsals - ANSWER-Bones in the ankle Metatarsals - ANSWER-the bones that lead to the toes. Also called phalanges Humerus - ANSWER-Sopporting bone of the forearm Radius - ANSWER-Bone in forearm "on the thumb side", larger in the proximal forearm. Ulna - ANSWER-Bone in forearm "on the little finger side", larger in the distal forearm. Carpals - ANSWER-Bones in the wrist Metacarpals - ANSWER-Bones in the foot leading to the phalanges The RUQ contains: - ANSWER-Liver, gallbladder, bile duct, colon, pancreas LUQ contains: - ANSWER-Stomach, spleen, pancreas, colon RLQ contains: - ANSWER-Cecum, small intestines, appendix LLQ contains: - ANSWER-intestines Skeletal muscle (voluntary): - ANSWER-Attaches to the skeleton Striated muscle: - ANSWER-Also called skeletel muscles Smooth muscle (involuntary): - ANSWER-Gastrointestinal tract, urinary systems, blood vessels, bronchi Cardiac Muscle - ANSWER-Only in the heart. Upper airway consists of: - ANSWER-Nasopharynx, nose, pharynyx, mouth, oropharynx, epiglottis Lower airway consists of: - ANSWER-Larynx, trachea, alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi, carina, lungs Primary respiratory drive is? - ANSWER-The brain Secondary respiratory drive is? - ANSWER-hypoxic drive. (When oxygen falls, this will stimulate breathing) Main difference between adult and children airway? - ANSWER-Children have smaller and less rigid airways. Adult resp rate is? - ANSWER-12 to 20 Child resp rate it? - ANSWER-15 to 30 Infant resp rate is? - ANSWER-25 to 50 When assessing breathing, breathing should appear: - ANSWER-easy, not labored. You should not be able to see or hear a pt breathing. Inadequate breathing means: - ANSWER-a person cannot move enough air into the lungs with each breath, thus not meeting metabolic needs. Signs of adequate breathing in an adult include: - ANSWER-Non-labored, normal rate, regular rhythm, good audible breath sounds, regular rise and fall of chest, movement of abdomen. Signs of adequate breathing in a pedi include: - ANSWER-non-labored, normal rate, regular rhythm, good audible breath sounds, regular rise and fall of chest, and movement of the abdomen. Inadequate signs of breathing in adult include: - ANSWER-Muscle retractions, pale or cyantoic, cold and damp skin, tripod position, and noisy breathing. Signs of inadequate breathing in an pedi include: - ANSWER-muscle retractions, pale or cyanotic, cold and damp skin, tripod position, nasal flaring, and seesaw respirations. Normal heart adults are: - ANSWER-60 to 100 Normal child heart rates are: - ANSWER-70 to 150 Normal infant heart rates are: - ANSWER-100 to 160