EMT-Basic 2022/2023 Answered 100%

medial - ANSWER-toward the midline of the body lateral - ANSWER-to the side, away from the midline of the body bilateral - ANSWER-on both sides mid-axillary line - ANSWER-a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle anterior - ANSWER-the front of the body or body posterior - ANSWER-the back of the body or body part ventral - ANSWER-referring to the front of the body. a synonym for anterior dorsal - ANSWER-referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. A synonym for posterior superior - ANSWER-toward the head. inferior - ANSWER-away from the head; usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head proximal - ANSWER-closer to the torso distal - ANSWER-farther away from the torso torso - ANSWER-the trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities palmer - ANSWER-referring to the palm of the hand plantar - ANSWER-referring to the sole of the foot mid-clavicular - ANSWER-the line through the center of the clavical abdominal quadrants - ANSWER-four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury: the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant and the left lower quadrant supine - ANSWER-lying on the back recovery position - ANSWER-lying on the side. also called the lateral recumbent position Fowler's Position - ANSWER-a sitting position Right Upper Quadrant - ANSWER-Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder Left Upper Quadrant - ANSWER-Liver, Spleen, Left Kidney, Stomach, Colon Pancreas Right Lower Quadrant - ANSWER-Right Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, Ureter, Apendix Left Lower Quadrant - ANSWER-Left kidney, colon, small intestines, major artery and vein to the left leg, ureter Trendelenburg Position - ANSWER-a position in which the patients feet and legs are higher than the head (Shock position) musculoskeletal system - ANSWER-system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement skeleton - ANSWER-the bones of the body muscle - ANSWER-tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part ligament - ANSWER-tissue that connects bone to bone tendon - ANSWER-tissue that connects muscle to bone skull - ANSWER-the bony structure of the head cranium - ANSWER-the top, back and sides of the skull mandible - ANSWER-the lower jaw bone maxillae - ANSWER-the two fused bones forming the upper jaw nasal bones - ANSWER-the nose bones orbits - ANSWER-the bony structures around the eyes, the eye sockets zygomatic arches - ANSWER-form the structure of the cheeks vertebrae - ANSWER-the 33 bones of the spinal column thorax - ANSWER-the chest sternum - ANSWER-breastbone manubrium - ANSWER-the superior portion of the sternum xiphoid process - ANSWER-inferior portion of the sternum pelvis - ANSWER-the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities ilium - ANSWER-the superior and widest portion of the pelvis ischium - ANSWER-the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis pubis - ANSWER-the medial anterior portion of the pelvis acetabulum - ANSWER-the pelvis socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint femur - ANSWER-the large bone of the thigh patella - ANSWER-kneecap tibia - ANSWER-the medial and larger bone of the lower leg fibula - ANSWER-the lateral and small bone of the lower leg malleolous - ANSWER-protrusion on the side of the ankle. tarsal - ANSWER-ankle bone metatarsal - ANSWER-the foot bone calcaneus - ANSWER-the heel bone phalanges - ANSWER-the toe and finger bones clavicle - ANSWER-the collarbone scapula - ANSWER-Shoulder Blade acromion process - ANSWER-the highest portion of the shoulder acromioclavicular joint - ANSWER-the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet humerus - ANSWER-the bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow radius - ANSWER-the lateral bone of the forearm carpals - ANSWER-wrist bones metacarpals - ANSWER-hand bones joints - ANSWER-the point where two bones come together voluntary muscle - ANSWER-muscle that can be conscious controlled; attaches to bones; forms the major muscle mass of the body, responsible for movement involuntary muscle - ANSWER-muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled cardiac muscle - ANSWER-specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart; has its own blood supply; contracts on its own automaticity - ANSWER-the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own respiratory system - ANSWER-the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide oropharynx - ANSWER-the area directly posterior to the mouth nasopharynx - ANSWER-the area directly posterior to the nose pharynx - ANSWER-the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx epiglottis - ANSWER-a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea larynx - ANSWER-the voice box cricoid cartilage - ANSWER-the ring-structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx trachea - ANSWER-the 'windpipe'; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs lungs - ANSWER-the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place bronchi - ANSWER-the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi alveoli - ANSWER-the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place diaphragm - ANSWER-the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration inhalation - ANSWER-an active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs exhalation - ANSWER-a passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs cardiovascular system/circulatory system - ANSWER-the system made up of the heart and the blood vessels atria - ANSWER-the two upper chambers of the heart, there is a right (receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and the left (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body) ventricles - ANSWER-the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right (which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs) and the left (sends oxygen rich blood to the body) venae cavae - ANSWER-the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. Return blood from the body to the right atrium valve - ANSWER-a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction cardiac conduction system - ANSWER-a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat artery - ANSWER-any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart coronary arteries - ANSWER-blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart aorta - ANSWER-the largest artery in the body. transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation pulmonary arteries - ANSWER-vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs carotid arteries - ANSWER-large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood blood from the heart to the head femoral artery - ANSWER-the major artery supplying the leg brachial artery - ANSWER-artery of the upper arm; site of the pulse checked during infant CPR radial artery - ANSWER-artery of the lower arm. it is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist posterior tibial artery - ANSWER-artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle dorsalis pedis artery - ANSWER-artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe arteriole - ANSWER-the smallest kind of artery capillary - ANSWER-a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place venule - ANSWER-the smallest kind of vein vein - ANSWER-any blood vessel returning blood to the heart pulmonary veins - ANSWER-the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart Designated agent - ANSWER-an EMT or other person authorized by a medical director to give medications and provide emergency car. Off-Line medical direction - ANSWER-consists of standing orders issued by the medical director that allow EMT's to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the medical director or another physician On-line medical direction - ANSWER-consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT in the field by radio or telephone Medical director - ANSWER-a physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient care aspects of the EMS system 911 System - ANSWER-a system for telephone access to report emergencies. A dispatcher takes the information and alerts EMS or the fire or police department as needed protocols - ANSWER-lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations quality improvement - ANSWER-a process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement standing orders - ANSWER-a policy or protocol issued by a medical director that authorizes EMT's and others to perform particular skills in certain situations contamination - ANSWER-the introduction of dangerous chemicals, diseases, or infectious material critical incident stress management - ANSWER-a comprehencive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately decontamination - ANSWER-the removal or cleansing of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials hazardous-material incident - ANSWER-the release of a harmful substance into the environment multiple-casualty incident - ANSWER-an emergency involving multiple patients pathogens - ANSWER-the organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria PPE - ANSWER-equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations standard precautions - ANSWER-a strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious stress - ANSWER-a state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus abandonment - ANSWER-leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or great medical training confidentiality - ANSWER-the obligation not to revel information obtained about a patient except to other health care professionals involved in the patient's care, or under subpoena, or in a court of law, or when the patient has signed a release of confidentiality consent - ANSWER-permission from the patient for care or other action by the EMT crime scene - ANSWER-the location where a crime has been committed or any place that evidence relating to a crime may be found DNR - ANSWER-a legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient and his physician, which state that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitation efforts duty to act - ANSWER-an obligation to provide care to a patient expressed consent - ANSWER-consent given by adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well-being Good Samaritan Laws - ANSWER-a series of laws, varying in each state, designed, to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are administering emergency care HIPAA - ANSWER-The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed implied consent - ANSWER-the consent it is presumed a patient, or patient's parent/guardian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed liability - ANSWER-being held legally responsible negligence - ANSWER-a finding of failure to act properly in a situation in which there was a duty to act, that needed care as would reasonably be expected of the EMT was not provided, and that harm was caused to the patient as a result organ donor - ANSWER-a person who has completed a legal document that allows for donation of organs and tissues in the event of death scope of practice - ANSWER-a set of regulations and ethical considerations that define the scope, or extent and limits, of the EMT's job plasma - ANSWER-the fluid portion of the blood RBC - ANSWER-components of the blood. carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide from cells WBC - ANSWER-components of the blood, produce substances that help the body fight infection platelets - ANSWER-components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells pulse - ANSWER-the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries peripheral pulses - ANSWER-radial, brachial, posterior, tibial, dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral points of the body