Classification and natural selection
(Mutations)
Classification is about grouping together organisms on the basis of
features they have in common.
Taxonomy = The study of classification of life.
Nomenclature = Various names given to a specific field of study accordingly.
Classifying organisms is important because it
makes them easier to study and identify them.
Example:
Family=felidae (all cats) Kingdom = Animalia
-
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Species = Leo (lions)
Class= mammalia
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-]\IfoTrEÉo
Woo
Genus =( great cats)
Order = carnivore (meat-eater)
Phylum = vertebrate animals
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
The groups are hierchal: largest to smallest Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
, Taxonomy
-Each organism is sorted into the highest level of taxon (domain)
-The related organisms are sorted into smaller groups starting with
kingdom and ending with species.
In 1990 3 domains were proposed by Carl Woese, this was based on 16S rRNA.
Bacteria (half of prokaryota)
Archaea (the other half of the prokaryota)
Eukarya ( Protista, fungi,plantae, animalia)
These are the 3 domains of life on Earth.
Species
- The last and most specific taxon is species
- This taxon has the smallest groups as they only contain one
type of organism.
Species are a group of organisms with similar characteristics that are
able to interbreed to give fertile offsprings.
Problematic definitions
When a horse and a donkey interbreed, they create a mule.
A horse has chromosomes, whereas a donkey has 62.
This means that the offspring (mule) will have 63 chromosomes.
When the chromosomes line up in homologous pairs in meiosis
- there won't be a pair for all of them as It’s an odd number.
This means meiosis cannot be completed.
This means no gametes are produced.
Which means the mule is infertile.
(Mutations)
Classification is about grouping together organisms on the basis of
features they have in common.
Taxonomy = The study of classification of life.
Nomenclature = Various names given to a specific field of study accordingly.
Classifying organisms is important because it
makes them easier to study and identify them.
Example:
Family=felidae (all cats) Kingdom = Animalia
-
¥ii¥¥¥¥¥¥
Species = Leo (lions)
Class= mammalia
*amr
-]\IfoTrEÉo
Woo
Genus =( great cats)
Order = carnivore (meat-eater)
Phylum = vertebrate animals
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
The groups are hierchal: largest to smallest Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
, Taxonomy
-Each organism is sorted into the highest level of taxon (domain)
-The related organisms are sorted into smaller groups starting with
kingdom and ending with species.
In 1990 3 domains were proposed by Carl Woese, this was based on 16S rRNA.
Bacteria (half of prokaryota)
Archaea (the other half of the prokaryota)
Eukarya ( Protista, fungi,plantae, animalia)
These are the 3 domains of life on Earth.
Species
- The last and most specific taxon is species
- This taxon has the smallest groups as they only contain one
type of organism.
Species are a group of organisms with similar characteristics that are
able to interbreed to give fertile offsprings.
Problematic definitions
When a horse and a donkey interbreed, they create a mule.
A horse has chromosomes, whereas a donkey has 62.
This means that the offspring (mule) will have 63 chromosomes.
When the chromosomes line up in homologous pairs in meiosis
- there won't be a pair for all of them as It’s an odd number.
This means meiosis cannot be completed.
This means no gametes are produced.
Which means the mule is infertile.
