AP Language and Composition with 100% correct answers

Rhetoric The study of effective speaking and writing, and the art of persuasion. It examines the how of language, the methods and means of communications, its emotional impact and its prepositional content.The art of finding ways to pursue an audience. Kairos The opportune occasion for speech. The way a given context for communication both calls for and constrains one's speech. The speaker or writer takes into account the contingencies of a given place and time, and considers the opportunities within this specific context for words to be effective and appropriate to that moment. 00:00 01:17 Decorum Rhetorical principal requiring one's words and subjects to be aptly fit to each other, to the circumstances and occasion (kairos), the audience, and the speaker. Ideas are appropriately embodied and presented. It invokes a range of social, linguistic, aesthetic, and ethical properties for both the creators and the critics, which must be balanced against each other strategically in order to be successful in understanding. Audience Those who hear or read the discourse. In classical times, the these individuals had to do with the settings or occasions in which genres of oratory were practiced. There are multiple types to which discourse is presented, intentionally or not (for example, the secondary ones that the printed version of a speech reaches across place and time, or the multiple ones present in the theater: those onstage who hear a given character's speech, and those in the public observing all of this). The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have multiple. Ethos The persuasive appeal of one's character, especially how this character is established by means of the speech or discourse. Aristotle claimed that one needs to appear both knowledgeable about one's subject and benevolent. Cicero said that in classical oratory the initial portion of a speech (its exordium or introduction) was the place to establish one's credibility with the audience. Pathos Names the appeal to emotion. Cicero encouraged them at the conclusion of an oration, but emotional appeals are of course more widely viable. Aristotle's Rhetoric contains a great deal of discussion of affecting the emotions, categorizing the kinds of responses of different demographic groups. Logos Names the appeal to reason. Alliteration Repetition of the same letter or sound within nearby words. Most often, repeated initial consonants. Example: Why not waste a wild weekend at Westmore Water Park? Anaphora Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines. Example: This royal throne of kings, this sceptred isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself... Antithesis Juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas (often, although not always, in parallel structure). Example: "It has been my experience that folks who have no vices have very few virtues." —Abraham Lincoln "It can't be wrong if it feels so right" —Debbie Boone Hyperbole Rhetorical exaggeration. Often accomplished via comparisons, similes, and metaphors. Example: I've told you a million times not to exaggerate. Irony Speaking in such a way as to imply the contrary of what one says, often for the purpose of derision, mockery, or jest. The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.