PYC2601 Assignment 1 Semester 1 2023

PYC2601 Assignment 1 Semester 1 2023 Answers, guidelines, workings and references.................................QUESTION 1 According to Freud, one of the differences between healthy and psychologically disturbed people is in the types of defence mechanisms the two employ to cope with psychic conflicts. Compared to disturbed individuals, psychologically healthy people are more successful at employing the defence mechanisms of—. a. identification and rationalisation b. reaction formation and sublimation c. displacement and identification d. displacement and sublimation QUESTION 2 Concerning the ego, Freud argues that_. a. the ego serves the id's needs b. it exclusively functions on the conscious and the unconscious levels c. it functions according to the life drives and death drives d. it is made up of two parts: the conscious ego and the unconscious ego QUESTION 3 Excessive dependence on other people may be considered as evidence of fixation in the__. a. anal stage b. oral stage c. genital stage d. phallic stage QUESTION 4 Last week Tuesday things went terribly wrong for Ntswaki at work. When she got home, she attacked her husband and their children verbally for no apparent reason. The following day she accused them of being mean and inconsiderate. What defence mechanism was Ntswaki using according to Freud? a. Projection b. Displacement c. Reaction formation d. Rationalization QUESTION 5 Which of the following statements about Freud's psychoanalytic theory is NOT TRUE? a. It sees human beings functioning in a mechanistic way b. It is a comprehensive theory of motivation c. It emphasises the will to meaning and biological determinism d. It argues that the basis of human behaviour is the seeking of pleasure QUESTION 6 According to social cognitive learning theorists the most efficient form of learning is__. a. observational learning b. classical conditioning c. direct experience d. operant conditioning QUESTION 7 Albert Bandura's social learning theory integrates__ a. behavioural and psychoanalytic theories b. behavioural and the moral theories c. cognitive and behavioural theories d. behavioural and humanistic theories QUESTION 8 Blessing is a very intelligent young man. He is a Grade 12 student and was so thrilled when he was elected captain of the debate team at his school, that he bought himself a pair of hiking boots. The headmaster was impressed with his hard work and praised him a lot for being a good model to other students. This made him feel good about himself. Although he was a hero to most of the students who tried to do what he did and also be successful, there were those who felt that too much fuss was being made of him by the headmaster and students. The latter group was always in trouble for misconduct, and they did not participate in any of the school activities like most of other students, who were given special treatment by their teachers. In terms of Bandura's theory, Blessing learnt through a. observational learning and self-regulation b. social learning c. self-regulation and direct experience d. direct QUESTION 9 Which one of the following statements about aggression is CORRECT in terms of social cognitive learning theory? a. Aggressive behaviour is acquired through direct learning, but not through observational learning. b. Aggressive behaviour is acquired through observational learning, but not through direct learning. c. Environmental factors, but not genetic factors, contribute to aggressive behaviour in a person's behavioural repertoire. d. Genetic and environmental fact contribute to aggressive behavic a person's behavioural repertoire. QUESTION 10 Which one of the following statements concerning observational learning is INCORRECT? a. Learning takes place through active elimination or weakening of undesirable behaviour by means of aversive counter-conditioning b. Behaviour is acquired when the observer observes the model's behaviour and regards the results of that behaviour positively. c. The imitation of behaviour is determined by the consequences of the model's behaviour, and the observer's cognitive processes. d. Observational learning entails vicarious reinforcement, which means that the observer's responses QUESTION 11 A plant manager in a factory wishes to raise moral in his workforce. The manager notes that the working conditions at the plant are safe, clean and pleasant, and that recent expansion of the workforce has assured employees that their jobs are secure. Which of the following actions should the manager take to ensure that belonginess needs in Maslow's hierarchy are identified? a. Set up after work clubs, such as soccer a team to allow for more social interaction b. Give public appraisals to workers who have been most productive c. Foster the development of skills workers who show talent in a particular area d. Pay bonuses to employees who QUESTION 12 According to Maslow the need to be well thought of by others as well as oneself falls under . a. safety needs b. self-esteem needs c. affiliation and love needs d. physiological needs QUESTION 13 Mosidi is employed as a cashier at a big supermarket chain, and she is doing very well. Her family of origin was poor. Her father was an ordinary factory worker, and did not earn much, but he provided a loving family and took good care of them. She is married with two children. Her husband is a very supportive and caring man. One of her ambitions is to become a lawyer. However, she feels that she may not be able to fulfill her dream because she does not know whether she will be able to rise to the challenge. In terms of Maslow's theory, Mosidi is presently functioning at the level of her needs a. self-esteem b. security c. affiliation and love d. Physiological QUESTION 14 One of the fundamental differences between Maslow's theory and the psychoanalytic theory is that___.. a. Maslow does not offer any insights on the therapeutic process b. Maslow views human behaviour as exclusively determined by the environment c. Maslow's theory is suspicious of people d. Maslow views people in an optimistic way QUESTION 15 Which one of the following statements correctly reflects Maslow's view? a. Self-actualisers are achievers who will b. Self-actualisers function relatively independently of their physical and social environment. c. Self-actualisers tend to be autocratic since they are functioning on a higher level than most people. d. Self-actualisers are sociable people who like to have constant contact with other people.