5.3: principles of skill in sports
Learning VS performance
Learning: the permanent change in performance
- ”a relatively permanent change in performance resulting from practice or past experience”
-can be brought about by:
study
experience
being taught
- ⚠excludes changes brought on by maturation and degeneration
Performance: temporary occurrence fluctuating over time
-a change in performance over time is often used to infer learning
Phases (stages) of learning
Cognitive/verbal - (early phase)
We try to make sense of instructions, understand the requirements and parameters of movements
Associative/motor - (intermediate phase)
We’re able to recall and enact large chunks of tasks
“what to do” → “how to do it”
Autonomous - (final phase)
We’re able to perform a skill with consistency and little cognitive activity
Types of learning curves
learning curve: way to evaluate the extent to which a skill is being learnt by plotting measures of practive
versus measures of performance
→ It’s the correlation between a learners performance on a task and the number of attempts/time required
to complete the task; direct proportion on a graph
5.3: principles of skill in sports 1
, Positive acceleration - (concave curve)
slow initial improvement in learning that increases with
time
initial rate of progress is slow but increases noticeably at
the final stages of learning
Negatively accelerated - (convex curve)
rapid initial improvement but final learning stage slows
considerably
S-shaped curve - (concave and convex)
initial improvement whether it is slow or rapid
there’s a period between the beggining and the end of
learning where no development happens = plateau
after the plateau, there’s another increase in learning
Factors that contribute to the different rates of learning
physical maturation: dynamic process of cellular and somatic growth
physical fitness: ability to complete tasks on a given level due to the cap. of fitness
coachig: how the instruction is given/how the coach interacts with learner
age: with age comes ability and comprehension
difficulty of task: depending on diff. of task and ability to comprehend and accomplis
teaching/learning environment: lack or whealth of resources, distraction
motivation: the want to learn (intrinsic and extrinsic)
5.3: principles of skill in sports 2
Learning VS performance
Learning: the permanent change in performance
- ”a relatively permanent change in performance resulting from practice or past experience”
-can be brought about by:
study
experience
being taught
- ⚠excludes changes brought on by maturation and degeneration
Performance: temporary occurrence fluctuating over time
-a change in performance over time is often used to infer learning
Phases (stages) of learning
Cognitive/verbal - (early phase)
We try to make sense of instructions, understand the requirements and parameters of movements
Associative/motor - (intermediate phase)
We’re able to recall and enact large chunks of tasks
“what to do” → “how to do it”
Autonomous - (final phase)
We’re able to perform a skill with consistency and little cognitive activity
Types of learning curves
learning curve: way to evaluate the extent to which a skill is being learnt by plotting measures of practive
versus measures of performance
→ It’s the correlation between a learners performance on a task and the number of attempts/time required
to complete the task; direct proportion on a graph
5.3: principles of skill in sports 1
, Positive acceleration - (concave curve)
slow initial improvement in learning that increases with
time
initial rate of progress is slow but increases noticeably at
the final stages of learning
Negatively accelerated - (convex curve)
rapid initial improvement but final learning stage slows
considerably
S-shaped curve - (concave and convex)
initial improvement whether it is slow or rapid
there’s a period between the beggining and the end of
learning where no development happens = plateau
after the plateau, there’s another increase in learning
Factors that contribute to the different rates of learning
physical maturation: dynamic process of cellular and somatic growth
physical fitness: ability to complete tasks on a given level due to the cap. of fitness
coachig: how the instruction is given/how the coach interacts with learner
age: with age comes ability and comprehension
difficulty of task: depending on diff. of task and ability to comprehend and accomplis
teaching/learning environment: lack or whealth of resources, distraction
motivation: the want to learn (intrinsic and extrinsic)
5.3: principles of skill in sports 2
