FNP Review- Leik Questions with accurate answers. 100% Accurate. Graded A

FNP Review- Leik Questions with accurate answers. 100% Accurate. Graded A Primary prevention - prevent disease/injury/condition Secondary prevention - detect disease/condition as early as possible tertiary prevention - limiting further harm and disability 18yoF, strong vaginal odor large amount grayish white discharge coating walls, milk-like consistency Microscopy reveals mature squamous epithelial cells with numerous bacteria noted on the cell borders. Vag pH 6.0 - bacterial vaginosis (only vag condition with alkaline pH) Vag discharge white, thick curd-like consistency, redness and itching in vulvovagina d/t inflammation Microscopy shows large number WBCs, pseudohyphae, and spores (spaghetti and meatballs) - cadidiasis Vag d/c copious, bubbly, and green in color. Lots of inflammation resulting in itching and redness. Considered an STD. - trichomoniasis Outpatient antibiotic treatment for CAP in healthy patients with no comorbidities - macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin) This htn med causes dry cough and angioedema - ACE inhibitor "-prils" This htn med causes swollen ankles and headache - CCBs- "-ipines", Diltiazem, & Verapamil This htn med causes hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia - thiazide diuretics- HCTZ This htn med causes fatigue and depression- avoid if possible in those with depression - beta-blockers- "-olols" Ovarian cancer initial workup - intravag u/s and CA 125 tumor marker Barrett's esophagus - -precancerous lesion of esophageal cancer -managed by gastroenterology -endoscopy q6mo-1y with gastroenterology -treated with high-dose PPIs for lifetime 1st line treatment of mild, uncomplicated GERD - lifestyle changes- avoid eating 3-4h before bed, dietary changes, lose weight Tanner stage 2 - -breast bud and areola starts to develop -testes with scrotum starts to enlarge (scrotal skin starts to get darker/more ruggae) Tanner stage 3 - -breast continues to grow with nipples/areola (one mound/no separation) -penis grows longer in length and testes/scrotum continues to become larger Tanner stage 4 - -nipples and areola become elevated from the breast (a secondary mound) -penis becomes wider and continues to grow in length (testes are larger with darker scrotal skin and more ruggae) Foods with high potassium content - potatoes, apricots, brussel sprouts Foods with high tyramine content - aged cheese, red wine, chocolate can cause dangerous food-drug interactions with MAOI inhibitors Excoriated pruritic rash located in finger webs and penis disturb sleep at night, family members with same symptoms work in higher risk area such as nursing home - scabies Rash with sandpaper-like texture, accompanied by sore throat, strawberry tongue, skin desquamination (Peeling) of palms and soles. Non pruritic - scarlatina Initially appears as papules that develop into bullae that rupture easily, becoming superficial, bright red "weeping" rashes with honey-colored exudate that becomes crusted as it dries. Rash very pruritic and located on areas that are easily traumatized, such as face, arms, legs. Insect bites, acne lesions, and varicella can also result in this secondarily - impetigo Rashes shaped like red raised wavy lines (seripinginous or snakelike) that are alone or few. Red and very pruritic, become excoriated from scratching. Appears maculopapular Common in areas exposed directly to contaminated soil and sand, such as soles of the feet, extremities, or buttocks - cutaneous larva migrans (hookworm) treat with ivermectin once a day x1-2 days or albendazole x3 days 1st line antibiotic for AOM and sinusitis in children and adults - amoxicillin treatment failure after amox or hx of antibiotics in the last 3 months - Augmentin or cefdinir (omnicef) bid allergic to pcn - azithromycin (z pack) or clarithromycin (Biaxin) bid S3 heart sound- best area to listen for it? - pulmonic area (since it is near the ventricles) pathognomic for heart failure systolic murmur Grade 1-2/6, best heard with diaphragm loudest at middle to left sternal border no radiation - physiologic systolic murmur loud, hard crescendo-decrescedo murmur best heard at 2nd right ICS with pt leaning forward but may be heard throughout the precordium frequently radiates to neck often associated with thrill fatigue, palpitation, DOE, dizziness, syncope, angina radial pulse diminished narrow pulse pressure