Identifying Dysrhythmias Sinus Rhythm (Questions and answers)

causes of sinus tachycardia correct answers noncardiac causes such as exercise or a highly stressful or emotional state Pain, anxiety, fever, dehydration, hemorrhage Medications such as atropine, or substances such as caffeine nicotine, etc. clinical consequences of sinus tachycardia correct answers increased oxygen demand in the myocardial tissues. decrease in stroke volume, cardiac output, and coronary perfusion. patient sensation of the hear beating faster. lightheadedness, chest pain dyspnea, palpitations, or a sensation of a "pounding in the chest," which may occur with more rapid rate. patient management of sinus tachycardia correct answers aimed at managing the underlying cause. If the patient is dehydrated, administer fluids. if caused by hemorrhage stop hemorrhage and replace blood and volume as indicated. beta blockers and calcium channel blockers may be administered to a symptomatic patient. causes of sinus bradycardia correct answers noncardiac causes such as sleep, hyperkalemia, hypothermia, hypothyroidism, and increased intracranial pressure Well-conditioned athletes often have slower heart rates as their heart becomes more efficient. Inferior wall myocardial infarction, which can cause compromised perfusion to the SA node resulting in bradycardia. Conditions producing vagal stimulation such as sleep, deep relaxation, or vomiting. Medications such as digoxin (Lanoxin), lithium (Lithobid), beta blockers (Lopressor), calcium channel blockers (Cardizem), and some antidysrhythmic agents such as sotalol (Betapace), or amiodarone (Pacerone). Clinical consequences of Sinus Bradycardia correct answers Often asymptomatic and doesn't require treatment. If symptomatic, may have signs of a decreased cardiac output such as hypotension, decreased level of consciousness, or chest pain