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Samenvatting Gezondheid en Maatschappij medische antropologie

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lOMoARcPSD|12869796




Samenvatting
Medische Antropologie
DEEL 1


Superdiversiteit: kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve toename van diversiteit
- a dynamic interplay of variables among an increased number of new, small and
scattered, multiple-origin, transnationally connected, socio-economically
differentiated and legally stratified immigrants who have arrived over the last
decade
• status is belangrijk in zorg met bv. terugbetaling
• niet uniform
• communitys zijn verspreid over de wereld, communicatie met land van
herkomst is makkelijk, gaan ook terug en zien daar ook arts
- Kwantitatief:
• in grote steden en kleine gemeenten = alomtegenwoordige realiteit
• Grote steden: ‘majority-minority’: meerderheid bestaat uit brede laag
minderheden  geen meerderheidsgroep meer
- Kwalitatief:
• meer nationaliteiten, talen, religies
• rijk en arm
• hoog- en laagopgeleiden
• recente evolutie: meer vrouwen die migreren
- Normalisering van diversiteit
• langzame en soms moeizame processen van normalisering van
diversiteit. Het gaat niet langer over minderheden die de
uitzondering zijn in een blanke samenleving

5 handelingsprincipes
1) een open, respectvolle, nabije en uitnodigende basishouding

2) gericht op samenwerking en dialoog, waarbij samen – in ‘onderhandelde’ afspraken –
probleemdefiniëring en oplossingsstrategieën vorm krijgen.

3) Een krachtgerichte kijk op mensen, cliënten en diversiteit. Het vormt een tegengewicht voor het
vaak dominante problematiserende denken, dat vertrekt vanuit de vermeende tekorten van
hulpvragers en de ‘problemen’ die ‘zij’ vormen voor de samenleving. Een krachtgerichte kijk erkent
competenties en inspanningen van mensen, zoekt mogelijkheden en potenties, creëert hoop en helpt
om toekomstdoelen te formuleren.

4) Vaardigheid inzake (interculturele) communicatie. Cultuursensitiviteit is hierbij cruciaal, alsook de
erkenning van en een krachtgericht omgaan met taaldiversiteit. De realiteit van superdiversiteit is
immers een meertalige realiteit.

5) een kritische houding ten aanzien van de bestaande machtsverschillen in de samenleving. Eerder
dan een aanpassingslogica van mensen met een migratie-achtergrond aan de bestaande samenleving –
zeg maar assimilatie – vertrekt een divers-sensitieve aanpak vanuit een logica van verandering en co-
creatie.

, lOMoARcPSD|12869796




Professionele competenties
 hoe kunnen professionals beter omgaan met minderheden?
 zal volgende jaren geleidelijk overgaan in omgaan met verschil

Health equity
 equity is the absence of unfair, avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people,
whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically or
by other dimensions of inequality. Health is a fundamental human right. Health equity is
achieved when everyone can atain their full potential for health and well-being
 Health and health equity are determined by the conditions in which people are born, grow,
live, work, play and age, as well as biological determinants.
 Structural determinants (political, legal, and economic) with social norms and institutional
processes shape the distribution of power and resources
 The quality of these conditions is often made worse by discrimination, stereotyping, and
prejudice, which most often affect women and girls, older people, people with disability, or are
based on “race”, “ethnicity” or sexual identity.
 Such discrimination occurs not only between individuals, but is often embedded within our
institutions and systems, leading to whole populations being underrepresented in decision-
making at all levels, receiving inferior services, and therefore experiencing poorer life chances.
 And when climate change and conflict are added to the mix, billions of people face a cocktail of
powerful, mutually reinforcing factors that prevent them ever enjoying healthy lives.

De billijkheid in de gezondheid en gezondheidszorg = de mate van rechtvaardigheid in de manier
waarop de gezondheidszorg wordt gefinancierd, georganiseerd en verdeeld, in overeenstemming met
de zorgnood van de patiënt.

Equity = als de toegang tot zorg, het proces van zorgverlening en de uitkomsten van zorg niet variëren
naargelang patiëntenkenmerken zoals geslacht, ethnische achtergrond, inkomen,… maar louter
naargelang de mate waarin de patiënt zorg nodig heeft.
1) gelijke toegang voor gelijke noden,
2) gelijke behandeling voor gelijke noden en
3) gelijke uitkomsten voor gelijke noden.


equity and acces
 the ability to secure a specified range of services at a specified level of quality, subject to a
specified maximum level of personal inconvenience and costs, whilst in the possession of a
specified level of information

Quality of healthcare
Quality health care can be defined in many ways but there is growing acknowledgement that quality
health services should be:
̶ Effective – providing evidence-based healthcare services to those who need them;
̶ Safe – avoiding harm to people for whom the care is intended; and
̶ People-centred – providing care that responds to individual preferences, needs and values.
To realize the benefits of quality health care, health services must be:
̶ Timely – reducing waiting times and sometimes harmful delays;
̶ Equitable – providing care that does not vary in quality on account of gender, ethnicity,
geographic location, and socio-economic status;
̶ Integrated – providing care that makes available the full range of health services throughout
the life course;
̶ Efficient – maximizing the benefit of available resources and avoiding waste.



patiëntenrechten

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