a)
AGES OLDEST YOUNGEST
ANIMALS (1) (2) (4) (3) (5) (6) (7) (8)
b)
1 n +1
c) value of path= ( 1+ F 2 )
2
2+ 1
1 ( 1+0 ) =0.125
F 8=
2
d) R1;8 : 1 path = 8 → 5 → 1
2 arrows in the path, therefore n=2
No common ancestor
1 n +1
value of path= ( 1+ F x )
2
1 2 +1
∴= ( 1 ) =0.125
2
R1 ;8=
∑ [ ]
1n
2
(1)
√ ( 1+ F 8 )( 1+ F 1 )
0.125
∴= =0.1179
√ ( 1+ 0.125 ) (1+ 0 )
R2;8 : 2 path = 8 → 5 → 2 and 8 → 6 → 2
2 arrows in each path, therefore n=2
Animal 2 is common ancestor
n+1
1
value of path1= ( 1+ F2 )
2
AGES OLDEST YOUNGEST
ANIMALS (1) (2) (4) (3) (5) (6) (7) (8)
b)
1 n +1
c) value of path= ( 1+ F 2 )
2
2+ 1
1 ( 1+0 ) =0.125
F 8=
2
d) R1;8 : 1 path = 8 → 5 → 1
2 arrows in the path, therefore n=2
No common ancestor
1 n +1
value of path= ( 1+ F x )
2
1 2 +1
∴= ( 1 ) =0.125
2
R1 ;8=
∑ [ ]
1n
2
(1)
√ ( 1+ F 8 )( 1+ F 1 )
0.125
∴= =0.1179
√ ( 1+ 0.125 ) (1+ 0 )
R2;8 : 2 path = 8 → 5 → 2 and 8 → 6 → 2
2 arrows in each path, therefore n=2
Animal 2 is common ancestor
n+1
1
value of path1= ( 1+ F2 )
2
